Focalin emotional side effects

Tagged ADHD medicationADHD treatmentFocalinFocalin adverse effectsFocalin side effectsTreatment for ADHDwho can prescribe ADHD medication for adults

Medicines for mental illness

The effectiveness of drug therapy with psychotropic drugs is determined by the compliance of the choice of the drug with the clinical picture of the disease, the correctness of its dosing regimen, the method of administration and the duration of the therapeutic course. As in any field of medicine, in psychiatry it is necessary to take into account the entire complex of drugs that the patient takes, since their mutual action can lead not only to a change in the nature of the effects of each of them, but also to the occurrence of undesirable consequences.

There are several approaches to the classification of psychotropic drugs. Table 1 shows the classification proposed by the WHO in 1990, adapted to include some domestic medicines.

Table 1. Classification of psychopharmacological drugs.

The main clinical characteristics and side effects of the listed classes of pharmacological drugs are given below.

Antipsychotics

Clinical characteristics. This class of drugs is central to the treatment of psychoses. However, the scope of their application is not limited to this, since in small doses in combination with other psychotropic drugs they can be used in the treatment of affective disorders, anxiety-phobic, obsessive-compulsive and somatoform disorders, with decompensation of personality disorders.

Regardless of the characteristics of the chemical structure and mechanism of action, all drugs of this group have similar clinical properties: they have a pronounced antipsychotic effect, reduce psychomotor activity and reduce mental arousal, neurotropic effect, manifested in the development of extrapyramidal and vegetovascular disorders, many of they also have antiemetic properties .

Side effects. The main side effects in the treatment of neuroleptics form the neuroleptic syndrome. The leading clinical manifestations of this syndrome are extrapyramidal disorders with a predominance of either hypo- or hyperkinetic disorders. Hypokinetic disorders include drug-induced parkinsonism, manifested by increased muscle tone, lockjaw, rigidity, stiffness, and slowness of movement and speech. Hyperkinetic disturbances include tremor and hyperkinesis. Usually in the clinical picture in various combinations there are both hypo- and hyperkinetic disorders. The phenomena of dyskinesia can be paroxysmal in nature, localized in the mouth area and manifested by spasmodic contractions of the muscles of the pharynx, tongue, lips, jaws. Often there are phenomena of akathisia - feelings of restlessness, "restlessness in the legs", combined with tasikinesia (the need to move, change position). A special group of dyskinesias includes tardive dyskinesia, which occurs after 2-3 years of taking antipsychotics and is expressed in involuntary movements of the lips, tongue, face.

Among the disorders of the autonomic nervous system, orthostatic hypotension, sweating, weight gain, changes in appetite, constipation, diarrhea are most often observed. Sometimes there are anticholinergic effects - visual disturbances, dysuric phenomena. Possible functional disorders of the cardiovascular system with changes in the ECG in the form of an increase in the Q-T interval, a decrease in the T wave or its inversion, tachycardia or bradycardia. Sometimes there are side effects in the form of photosensitivity, dermatitis, skin pigmentation; skin allergic reactions are possible.

Antipsychotics of new generations, compared with traditional derivatives of phenothiazines and butyrophenones, cause significantly fewer side effects and complications.

Tranquilizers

Clinical characteristics. This group includes psychopharmacological agents that relieve anxiety, emotional tension, fear of non-psychotic origin, and facilitate the process of adaptation to stressful factors. Many of them have anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant properties. Their use in therapeutic doses does not cause significant changes in cognitive activity and perception. Many of the drugs in this group have a pronounced hypnotic effect and are used primarily as hypnotics. Unlike neuroleptics, tranquilizers do not have a pronounced antipsychotic activity and are used as an additional tool in the treatment of psychosis - to stop psychomotor agitation and correct the side effects of neuroleptics.

Side effects of during treatment with tranquilizers are most often manifested by daytime drowsiness, lethargy, muscle weakness, impaired concentration, short-term memory, as well as a slowdown in the speed of mental reactions. In some cases, paradoxical reactions develop in the form of anxiety, insomnia, psychomotor agitation, hallucinations. Among the dysfunctions of the autonomic nervous system and other organs and systems, hypotension, constipation, nausea, urinary retention or incontinence, decreased libido are noted. Long-term use of tranquilizers is dangerous due to the possibility of developing addiction to them, i.e. physical and mental dependence.

Antidepressants

Clinical characteristics. This class of drugs includes drugs that increase the pathological hypothymic effect, as well as reduce depression-related somatovegetative disorders. A growing body of scientific evidence now suggests that antidepressants are effective for phobic anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. It is assumed that in these cases, not the actual antidepressant, but the anti-obsessional and antiphobic effects are realized. There is data confirming the ability of many antidepressants to increase the threshold of pain sensitivity, to have a preventive effect in migraine and vegetative crises.

Side effects. Side effects related to the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system are expressed as dizziness, tremor, dysarthria, impaired consciousness in the form of delirium, epileptiform seizures. Possible exacerbation of anxious disorders, activation of suicidal tendencies, inversion of affect, drowsiness or, conversely, insomnia. Side effects may be manifested by hypotension, sinus tachycardia, arrhythmia, impaired atrioventricular conduction.

When taking tricyclic antidepressants, various anticholinergic effects are often observed, as well as an increase in appetite. With the simultaneous use of MAO inhibitors with food products containing tyramine or its precursor - tyrosine (cheeses, etc.), a "cheese effect" occurs, manifested by hypertension, hyperthermia, convulsions and sometimes leading to death.

When prescribing serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and reversible MAO-A inhibitors, there may be disturbances in the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, and impotence may develop against the background of SSRIs. In the case of a combination of SSRIs with drugs of the tricyclic group, the formation of the so-called serotonin syndrome, which is manifested by an increase in body temperature and signs of intoxication, is possible.

Normotimics

Clinical characteristics. Normotimics include drugs that regulate affective manifestations and have a preventive effect in phasic affective psychoses. Some of these drugs are anticonvulsants.

Side effects of when using lithium salts are most often tremor. Often there are violations of the function of the gastrointestinal tract - nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea. Often there is an increase in body weight, polydipsia, polyuria, hypothyroidism. Acne, maculo-papular rash, alopecia, as well as worsening of psoriasis are possible.

Signs of severe toxic conditions and overdose of the drug are a metallic taste in the mouth, thirst, severe tremor, dysarthria, ataxia; in these cases, the drug should be stopped immediately.

It should also be noted that side effects may be associated with non-compliance with the diet - a large intake of liquid, salt, smoked meats, cheeses.

Side effects of anticonvulsants are most often associated with functional disorders of the central nervous system and manifest as lethargy, drowsiness, ataxia. Hyperreflexia, myoclonus, tremor can be observed much less frequently. The severity of these phenomena is significantly reduced with a smooth increase in doses.

With a pronounced cardiotoxic effect, atrioventricular block may develop.

Nootropics

Clinical characteristics. Nootropics include drugs that can positively affect cognitive functions, stimulate learning, enhance memory processes, increase brain resistance to various adverse factors (in particular, to hypoxia) and extreme stress. However, they do not have a direct stimulating effect on mental activity, although in some cases they can cause anxiety and sleep disturbance.

Side effects - rare. Sometimes there are nervousness, irritability, elements of psychomotor agitation and disinhibition of drives, as well as anxiety and insomnia. Dizziness, headache, nausea and abdominal pain may occur.

Psychostimulants

Clinical characteristics. As the name of the class implies, it includes psychotropic drugs that increase the level of wakefulness, have a stimulating effect on mental and physical activity, temporarily increase mental and physical performance and endurance, reduce the feeling of fatigue and drowsiness.

Side effects of are mainly related to effects on the central nervous system (tremor, euphoria, insomnia, irritability, headaches, signs of psychomotor agitation) and the autonomic nervous system (sweating, dry mucous membranes, anorexia). In addition, there may be disorders of cardiovascular activity (arrhythmia, tachycardia, increased blood pressure), as well as a change in the body's sensitivity to insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus. Long-term and frequent use of stimulants can lead to the development of mental and physical dependence.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Adult Medication

This document, provided by Lexicomp ^® , contains all the information you need to know about this medicine, including indications, directions for use, side effects, and when your healthcare provider should be contacted.

Trade names: USA

Focalin; Focalin XR

Warning

• This drug carries a high risk of abuse and addiction. Use this drug only as directed by your doctor. Tell your doctor if you have ever abused or been dependent on any drugs or alcohol.

What is this drug used for?

• Used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
• This drug may be used for other indications. Consult your doctor.

What should I tell my doctor BEFORE taking this drug?

• If you are allergic to this drug, any of its ingredients, other drugs, foods or substances. Tell your doctor about your allergies and how they have manifested.
• If you or a family member has any of the following health problems: Blood vessel disease, high blood pressure, structural heart disease or other heart problems, or Tourette's syndrome or tics.
• If you have any of the following health conditions: glaucoma, jitters, anxiety, or an overactive thyroid.
• If you have ever had a stroke.
• If you have taken drugs for depression or Parkinson's disease in the past 14 days. These include isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, selegiline, or rasagiline. An episode of very high blood pressure may occur.
• If you are taking any of the following drugs: linezolid or methylene blue.

This list of drugs and conditions that may interact unfavorably with this drug is not exhaustive.

Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all medicines you take (prescription and over-the-counter, natural products and vitamins) and any health problems you have. You need to make sure that this drug is safe for your conditions and in combination with other drugs you are already taking. Do not start or stop taking any drug or change the dosage without your doctor's advice.

What do I need to know or do while taking this drug?

• Tell all your health care workers that you are taking this drug. These are doctors, nurses, pharmacists and dentists.
• Avoid driving and other demanding activities until you see how this drug affects you.
• If this drug is taken for a long time or at high doses, it may not work as well and you may need a higher dose to get the same effect. The so-called tolerance to the drug develops. Talk to your doctor if this drug stops working as you want. Do not take the drug in higher doses than prescribed by your doctor.
• You may need to have a heart test before you start using this drug. If you have any questions, please consult your doctor.
• This drug may increase the risk of seizures in some people, including people who have had seizures in the past. Talk to your doctor to find out if your risk of seizures is increased with this drug.
• Measure blood pressure and heart rate as directed by your physician.
• Limit caffeine (eg, tea, coffee, and cola) and chocolate. When taken with this drug, it can cause nervousness, tremors, and tachycardia.
• Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this drug.
• Myocardial infarction, stroke and sudden death have happened in adults who have taken this drug. Sudden deaths have also been reported in children with some cardiac disorders or heart defects. Call your doctor right away if you have a fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; weakness on 1 side of the body; difficulty speaking or thinking; imbalance; omission of 1 side of the face; changes in vision; chest pain or angina; dyspnea; severe dizziness or fainting.
• If you are taking this drug and have high blood pressure, talk to your doctor before taking over-the-counter drugs that can increase blood pressure. These drugs include cough and cold medicines, diet pills, stimulants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen, and some natural products.
• New or exacerbation of existing mood and behavior changes, such as changes in thinking, anger and hallucinations, have been reported with this drug. If you or someone in your blood family has been diagnosed with a mental or emotional disorder, such as depression or bipolar disorder, or if someone in your family has committed suicide, tell your doctor. If you experience hallucinations, movement disorders, or signs of emotional distress such as depression, suicidal thoughts, nervousness, emotional ups and downs, distorted thinking, anxiety, or decreased interest in life, see your doctor immediately.
• In some cases, the drug may affect the growth rate in children and adolescents. They may need regular growth rate checks. Consult your doctor.
• Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. The benefits and risks for you and your child will need to be discussed.

What side effects should I report to my doctor immediately?

WARNING. In rare cases, this drug can cause serious and sometimes deadly side effects in some patients. Call your doctor right away or get medical help if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that could be associated with serious side effects:

• Signs of an allergic reaction such as rash, hives, itching, red and swollen skin with blisters or peeling, possibly associated with fever, wheezing or wheezing, chest or throat tightness, difficulty breathing, swallowing or speaking, unusual hoarseness , swelling in the mouth, face, lips, tongue or throat.
• Signs of high blood pressure such as very severe headache or dizziness or loss of consciousness or blurred vision.
• Signs of liver problems such as dark urine, fatigue, lack of appetite, nausea or abdominal pain, light-colored stools, vomiting, yellowing of the skin or eyes.
• Rapid heartbeat.
• Joint pain.
• Purple spots on the skin or around the mouth.
• Vision change.
• Convulsions.
• Trembling.
• For problems with body control.
• Excessive sweating.
• Anxiety.
• Change the color of hands, feet, or other areas. The skin may become pale, bluish, grey, purplish, or red.
• Numbness, pain, tingling or cold feeling in the hands or feet.
• Any ulceration or sore on fingers or toes.
• Difficulty urinating or change in the amount of urine produced.
• Muscle pain or weakness, dark urine, difficulty urinating.
• Change in sexual desire.
• Call your doctor right away if you have a painful erection or if your erection lasts more than 4 hours. This can happen even if you are not having sex at the time. If you don't take immediate action, this can lead to long-term erection problems and you may not be able to have sex.
• Taking this drug with certain other drugs can cause a bad and sometimes deadly condition called serotonin syndrome. Call your doctor right away if you experience agitation, balance problems, confusion, hallucinations, high fever, tachycardia or abnormal heart rhythms, flushing, muscle twitching or stiffness, seizures, tremors or tremors, excessive sweating, severe diarrhea, nausea or vomiting , severe headache.

What are some other side effects of this drug?

Any medicine can have side effects. However, for many people, side effects are either minor or non-existent. Talk to your doctor or get medical help if these or any other side effects bother you or don't go away:

• Dizziness or headache.
• Drowsiness.
• Nervous tension and agitation.
• Abdominal pain or heartburn.
• Weight loss.
• Decreased appetite.
• Sleep disorders.
• Dry mouth.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Sore throat.

This list of possible side effects is not exhaustive. If you have any questions about side effects, please contact your doctor. Talk to your doctor about side effects.

You can report side effects to the National Health Board.

You can report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You can also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

What is the best way to take this drug?

Use this drug as directed by your doctor. Read all the information provided to you. Strictly follow all instructions.

All editions:

• Take this drug with or without food.

Tablets:

• If you are taking this drug twice a day, take your second dose at least 4 hours after your first dose, unless your doctor tells you otherwise. Do not take this medication too late in the evening. If you take this drug later than the scheduled time, you may find it difficult to sleep.

Sustained release capsules:

• If you take this drug with food, it may take longer for the drug to work.
• Take this drug in the morning to prevent sleep disturbances.
• Swallow whole. Don't chew or crumble.
• If you cannot swallow this drug whole, add the contents of the capsule to applesauce. Then swallow the mixture immediately without chewing.

What if I miss a dose of a drug?

• Skip the forgotten dose and return to your regular schedule.
• Do not take 2 doses or an additional dose at the same time.

How do I store and/or discard this drug?

• Store at room temperature, protected from light. Store in a dry place. Do not store in the bathroom.
• Keep this drug in a protected place out of sight and reach of children and out of the reach of other people. A box or room that is locked with a key can act as a secure storage place for the drug. Keep all medicines out of the reach of pets.
• Dispose of unused or expired drugs. Do not empty into a toilet or sewer unless instructed to do so. If you have any questions about disposing of medicines, ask your pharmacist. Drug disposal programs may be in place in your area.

General information about drugs

• If your health does not improve or even worsens, call your doctor.
• Do not give your medicine to anyone or take other people's medicine.
• Some drugs may come with other patient information sheets. If you have questions about this drug, talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care professional.
• A separate patient leaflet is included with this product. Please read this information carefully. Reread it each time you refill your supply. If you have any questions about this drug, ask your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care professional.
• If you think you have overdosed, call a poison control center or get medical attention right away. Be prepared to tell or show what drug you took, how much, and when it happened.

Consumer Use of Information and Limitation of Liability

This summary information includes a summary of the diagnosis, treatment, and/or drug product. It is not intended to be a comprehensive source of data and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or evaluate potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a particular patient. It should not be considered medical advice or a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment provided by a physician based on a medical examination and assessment of the patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients should consult with their physician for full information about their health, medical issues, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding the use of medications.

• 
  Choosing a counsellor
• 
  Susan cain introvert ted talk
• 
  How to get through emotional pain
• 
  Reasons a husband withholds affection
• 
  Rant to strangers
• 
  Mission statement for couples
• 
  Adhd and violence
• 
  Addiction personality traits
• 
  Physical symptoms of guilt
• 
  Lamictal suicidal thoughts
• 
  Vampire energy definition