Verbal spouse abuse

Types of Abuse - The Hotline

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Relationship abuse is a pattern of behaviors used to gain or maintain power and control over a partner, which can manifest in a number of ways, and there’s usually more than one form of abusive behavior occurring in an abusive relationship.

Understanding the various ways that abuse appears and intersects can prepare you to respond to situations safely for yourself and others.

Physical abuse

You may be experiencing physical abuse if your partner has or repeatedly does any of the following abusive behaviors:

Pull your hair or punch, slap, kick, bite, choke, or smother you.
Forbid or prevent you from eating or sleeping.
Use weapons against you, including firearms, knives, bats, or mace.
Prevent you from contacting emergency services, including medical attention or law enforcement.
Harm your children or pets.
Drive recklessly or dangerously with you in the car or abandon you in unfamiliar places.
Force you to use drugs or alcohol, especially if you have a history of substance abuse.
Trapping you in your home or preventing you from leaving.
Throw objects at you.
Prevent you from taking prescribed medication or deny you necessary medical treatment.

Emotional and verbal abuse

You may be in an emotionally- or verbally-abusive relationship if your partner attempts to exert control by:

Calling you names, insulting you, or constantly criticizing you.
Acting jealous or possessive or refusing to trust you
Isolating you from family, friends, or other people in your life.
Monitoring your activities with or without your knowledge, including demanding to know where you go, who you contact, and how you spend your time.
Attempting to control what you wear, including clothes, makeup, or hairstyles.
Humiliating you in any way, especially in front of others.
Gaslighting you by pretending not to understand or refusing to listen to you; questioning your recollection of facts, events, or sources; trivializing your needs or feelings; or denying previous statements or promises.
Threatening you, your children, your family, or your pets (with or without weapons).
Damaging your belongings, including throwing objects, punching walls, kicking doors, etc.
Blaming you for their abusive behaviors.
Accusing you of cheating, or cheating themselves and blaming you for their actions.
Cheating on you to intentionally hurt you and threatening to cheat again to suggest that they’re “better” than you.
Telling you that you’re lucky to be with them or that you’ll never find someone better.

Sexual abuse

You may be experiencing sexual abuse if your partner has or repeatedly does any of the following:

Force you to dress in a sexual way you’re uncomfortable with.
Insult you in sexual ways or call you explicit names.
Force or manipulate you into having sex or performing sexual acts, especially when you’re sick, tired, or physically injured from their abuse.
Choke you or restrain you during sex without your consent.
Hold you down during sex without your consent.
Hurt you with weapons or objects during sex.
Involve other people in your sexual activities against your will.
Ignore your feelings regarding sex.
Force you to watch or make pornography.
Intentionally give you or attempt to give you a sexually transmitted infection.

Sexual coercion

Examples of sexually coercive behavior include:

Implying that you owe them something sexually in exchange for previous actions, gifts, or consent.
Giving you drugs or alcohol to “loosen up” your inhibitions.
Using your relationship status as leverage, including by demanding sex as a way to “prove your love” or by threatening to cheat or leave.
Reacting with sadness, anger, or resentment if you say no or don’t immediately agree to something, or trying to normalize their sexual demands by saying that they “need” it.
Continuing to pressure you after you say no or intimidating you into fearing what will happen if you say no.

Sexual coercion lies on the continuum of sexually aggressive behavior, and it may vary in practice from begging and persuasion to forced sexual contact. It may be verbal and emotional through statements made to pressure, guilt, or shame, or it may appear more subtly. Even if your partner isn’t forcing you to perform sexual acts against your will, making you feel obligated to do them at all is coercion in itself.

Being in a relationship—no matter what the arrangement—never means that you owe your partner intimacy of any kind.

Reproductive coercion

Examples of reproductive coercion include:

Refusing to use a condom or other types of birth control.
Breaking or removing a condom before or during sex, or refusing to pull out.
Lying about methods of birth control (i.e. having a vasectomy or being on the pill).
Removing birth control methods like rings, IUDs, or contraceptive patches, or sabotaging methods by poking holes in condoms or tampering with pills.
Withholding money to purchase birth control.
Monitoring your menstrual cycles to inform their abuse.
Forcing pregnancy or not supporting your decisions about when or if to have children.
Intentionally becoming pregnant against your wishes.
Forcing you to get an abortion or preventing you from getting one.
Threatening you or acting violent if you don’t agree to end or continue a pregnancy.
Keeping you pregnant by getting you pregnant again shortly after you have a child.

Reproductive coercion is a form of power and control where one partner strips another of the ability to control their own reproductive system. It can be difficult to identify this form of coercion — it’s often less visible than other types of abuse occurring at the same time and may appear as pressure, guilt, or shame about having or wanting children (or not having or wanting them).

Financial abuse

This abuse can take many forms and may include:

Providing an allowance and closely monitoring how you spend it, including demanding receipts for purchases.
Depositing your paycheck into an account you can’t access.
Preventing you from viewing or accessing bank accounts.
Preventing you from working, limiting the hours that you can work, getting you fired, or forcing you to work certain types of jobs.
Maxing out your credit cards without permission, not paying credit card bills, or otherwise harming your credit score.
Stealing money from you, your family, or your friends.
Withdrawing money from children’s savings accounts without your permission.
Living in your home but refusing to work or contribute to the household.
Forcing you to provide them with your tax returns or confiscating joint tax returns.
Refusing to provide money for necessary or shared expenses like food, clothing, transportation, medical care, or medicine.

Financial or economic abuse occurs when an abusive partner extends their power and control into your financial situation.

Digital abuse

Examples of digitally abusive behavior include:

Telling you who you can or can’t follow, or be friends with on social media.
Sending you negative, insulting, or threatening messages or emails.
Using social media to track your activities.
Insulting or humiliating you in their posts online, including posting unflattering photos or videos.
Sending, requesting, or pressuring you to send unwanted explicit photos or videos, sexts, or otherwise compromising messages.
Stealing or insisting on being given your account passwords.
Constantly texting you or making you feel like you can’t be separated from your phone for fear that you’ll anger them.
Looking through your phone or checking up on your pictures, texts, and phone records.
Using any kind of technology (such as spyware or GPS in a car or phone) to monitor your activities.
Using smart home technology, smart speakers, or security cameras to track your movements, communications, and activities.
Creating fake social media profiles in your name and image, or using your phone or email to send messages to others pretending to be you, as a way to embarrass or isolate you.

Digital abuse is the use of technology and the Internet to bully, harass, stalk, intimidate, or control a partner. This behavior is often a form of verbal or emotional abuse conducted online.

Digital abuse comes with its own unique concerns and stipulations to consider.

Remember:

You never have to share your passwords with anyone.
You never have to send any explicit pictures, videos, or messages that you’re uncomfortable sending (“sexting”).
Sexting can have legal consequences: nude photos or videos of someone under the age of 18 could be considered child pornography, which is illegal to own or distribute.
It’s okay to turn off your phone or not respond to messages right away. You have the right to your own privacy. (Be sure that the people who might need to reach you in an emergency still have a way to.)

Save or document threatening messages, photos, vidoes, or voicemails as evidence of abuse.
Don’t answer calls from unknown or blocked numbers; your abuser may try calling you from another line if they suspect that you’re avoiding them. Find out if your phone company allows you to block numbers (and how many if so).
Once you share a post or message, it’s no longer under your control. Abusive partners may save or forward anything you share, so be careful sending content you wouldn’t want others to see.
Know and understand your privacy settings. Social media platforms allow users to control how their information is shared and who has access to it. These settings are often customizable and may be found in the privacy section of the website. Keep in mind that some apps may require you to change your privacy settings in order to use them.
Be mindful when checking-in places online, either by sharing your location in a post or by posting a photo with distinguishable backgrounds.
Ask your friends to always seek permission from you before posting content that could compromise your privacy. Do the same for them.
Avoid contact with your abuser in any capacity, through any technology, online or in person. Consider changing your phone number if the abuse and harassment don’t stop.

Stalking

Common examples of stalking include:

Showing up at your home or workplace unannounced or uninvited.
Sending you unwanted texts, messages, letters, emails, or voicemails.
Leaving you unwanted items, gifts, or flowers.
Calling you and hanging up repeatedly or making unwanted phone calls to you, your employer, a professor, or a loved one.
Using social media or technology to track your activities.
Spreading rumors about you online or in person.
Manipulating other people to investigate your life, including using someone else’s social media account to look at your profile or befriending your friends in order to get information about you.
Waiting around at places you spend time.
Damaging your home, car, or other property.
Hiring a private investigator to follow or find you as a way of knowing your location or movements.

Stalking occurs when someone watches, follows, or harasses you repeatedly, making you feel afraid or unsafe, and may occur from someone you know, a past partner, or a stranger.

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How to Handle Verbal Abuse in Your Relationship

Verbal abuse can be difficult to identify and, regrettably, it can also be a common type of abuse in some relationships. Masters of manipulation, verbal abusers can damage your self-esteem while simultaneously appearing to care deeply for you. The use of words to punish is a very covert attempt to control, and regardless of how loving your spouse may appear to be, verbal abuse is insidious—and can be as harmful as physical abuse.

What Is Verbal Abuse?

Verbal abuse is an act of violence with speech, which can include forcefully criticizing, insulting, or denouncing another person.

"Verbal abuse can be any way a partner uses their language to exert control in the relationship," says Amelia Peck, a licensed marriage and family therapist. "It can be speech that is used to make a partner feel less valued or important in the relationship." Verbal abuse often targets someone's insecurities, but it can vary in form, ranging from shouting and humiliation to more subtle and manipulative tactics.

Meet the Expert

Amelia Peck is a licensed marriage and family therapist with 10 years of experience. She offers online therapy services for clients based in New York and California.

Physical abuse is easily identifiable. There is no doubt that if you've been hit or injured by your partner, you have been abused. Verbal abuse is different. The damage is internal, and there are no physical bruises or scars—just a wounded spirit. While both can have long-term effects like low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and more, emotional abuse can be difficult to define without knowing the signs.

If you're concerned that you may be experiencing verbal abuse, read on to learn about signs to watch out for in your relationship.

Common Signs of Verbal Abuse

They Call You Names

Negative name-calling is a sign of verbal abuse. If the name feels like a put-down to you, it likely was meant to be. Some names are unquestionably abusive, while others are more like backhanded compliments. These can be harder to identify—but trust your gut. Verbal abusers often use "constructive" criticism to negatively affect their partner's self-esteem. "Generally speaking, verbal abusers use their words to target insecurities and feelings of shame in their partners," says Peck.

If your spouse is constantly criticizing you “for your own good,” consider it a red flag. This is the most insidious form of verbal abuse.

They Put You Down

Critical, sarcastic, or mocking words that are meant to put you down (either alone or in front of other people) are a type of abuse. These may be comments about the way you dress, how you talk, or your intelligence. Any comments that make you feel inferior or ashamed are often intentional by the abuser. "When a partner is verbally abusive, they do not have equality in the relationship at the center of their values," says Peck. "They work to make their partner feel 'less-than' to gain a sense of power in the relationship."

They Raise Their Voice

When a spouse resorts to yelling without much provocation, you may be understandably worried that anything you say will set them off. If you feel like you're walking on eggshells and have to censor what you say around them, it's not a good sign. If your partner is emotionally volatile and shouts to intimidate you, you probably won't feel safe in the relationship.

They Use Threats to Intimidate You

Threats to your life or your body can create fear—whether they're empty or not. No threat should be taken lightly. Even if your spouse tells you they're only joking, there shouldn't be concerns about your safety in a healthy relationship. It's especially important to take a threat seriously if it causes you to change your behavior or feel on guard.

They Blame You for Their Actions

If your spouse loses their temper, do they blame you for their actions or subsequent behavior? This is called victim-blaming, and it's a sign of verbal abuse frequently associated with narcissistic personalities. The reasons or excuses they describe may be intentionally convoluted to confuse you, resulting in your apologies for their actions. They may then be overly affectionate to make you believe that they never really hurt you.

"It’s important to remember that people in abusive relationships aren’t always experiencing volatile abuse 100 percent of the time," says Peck. "Often, after an abusive episode, couples make up and have a sort of 'honeymoon phase' for a bit. This is a piece that leads to emotional complexity and leads victims to justify their partner’s abuse or take the blame for it."

They Dismiss Your Feelings

When your spouse refuses to discuss issues that upset you, they might be avoiding responsibility. Conversations about actions and words that hurt you are ended, and issues that reflect poorly on their behavior are dismissed. This is also a form of gaslighting: Concerns are ignored, and your partner insists that certain events "didn't happen" or you're remembering things wrong. Gaslighting can make you question your own reality, leading back to a cycle of victim-blaming.

"Many clients of mine who have experienced or are experiencing verbal abuse in a relationship are also feeling the effects of emotional abuse and gaslighting," says Peck. "They often report their partners telling them they feel a certain way, which is contradicting what they really feel (or think they really feel; the abuse makes that emotional awareness very challenging for some victims)."

They Manipulate You

The persistent, and intense, use of threatening words may lead you to do things or act in ways you find uncomfortable. This form of verbal abuse is common at the end of a marriage. If your spouse doesn't want a divorce, they'll say whatever it takes to play on your emotions and keep you in the marriage. It's an attempt to make you comply with their desires—regardless of what's best for you as an individual.

Signs You Are a Victim of Verbal Abuse

You Have Low Self-Esteem

You find yourself burying your feelings, trying not to upset your partner, and working so hard at keeping the peace that every day becomes an emotional chore. You may feel depressed or wonder sometimes if you're crazy. You turn your stress inward. Punishing yourself for your partner's behavior, you feel like it's all happening in your head. Peck says her clients report that verbal and emotional abuse "leads them to believe anything wrong in the relationship is their fault or that their lack of happiness or satisfaction in the relationship is a result of them not trying hard enough."

You Feel Like a Different Person

When someone abuses you, it can change the way you feel about yourself. You become so caught up in the relationship and trying to avoid upsetting your partner that you abandon the person you used to be. You lose your voice and let go of personal boundaries. If you find yourself justifying abuse in your relationship for any reason when in the past you would have never imagined putting up with the behavior, it's probably time to seek help.

"Often, I hear clients say a justification for staying in the relationship was that 'at least' the abuse wasn’t physical," says Peck. "Physical or not, the abuse is real, and when I hear people use this type of justification in their narrative, it makes me realize how much they’ve had to repress their own feelings and emotions and have struggled to find their own voice in their life," says Peck.

You Feel Like You're Walking on Eggshells

If you don't have feelings of safety and security when your partner is around, you may feel the need to guard every word you speak. Everything you do or say is never good enough. When you feel like you can't be yourself to the fullest extent, it might be time to reevaluate your relationship and the role you want to play in it. "When I hear people say they’re too afraid to say something because of how their partner will respond, in a way that seems to trigger some sense of fear, I begin to assess for signs of abuse or safety concerns," says Peck.

How to Respond to Verbal Abuse in a Relationship

Abuse is never justified. Remind yourself that it is not your fault—and consider your options for walking away when you experience it. If the person you love is verbally abusive and dismissive of your feelings, you might not see yourself (and your needs) as important. You are. "Listen to those feelings that go against what you know is right for you. If you’re being told in any way your feelings, thoughts, emotions aren’t valued, it’s time to reach out for some support to help you get into a healthier space," says Peck.

When you realize you are being abused, try to focus on getting help. Here are some dos and donts to consider if you're faced with verbal abuse:

Do: Seek counseling with a relationship therapist, either together or separately.
Do: Surround yourself with a support system of family and friends who can validate your experiences. Discuss with them what is happening and how you're feeling.
Do: Communicate with your abuser about their hurtful words, and discuss that this behavior is unacceptable to you. Set boundaries on what you will and will not accept in a relationship.
Do: Leave the marriage or relationship (when nothing else helps). If you make this decision, hire an attorney familiar with domestic violence, stay in close contact with your support system, and focus on learning positive coping skills.
Do: Seek out a shelter if you feel that you are in danger after taking steps to leave the relationship.
Don't: Engage in conflict with your abuser. If your abuser becomes angry, stay calm, walk away, and don’t give them a reaction.
Don't: Blame yourself for someone else’s behaviors.
Don't: Stay in a relationship with someone who is hurting you
Don't: Tell yourself that you don't deserve to be treated better.
Don't: Ignore your thoughts, feelings, and instincts.

Even though verbal abuse doesn't leave a visible mark, those who experience it still suffer emotionally. Your experience should not be dismissed. By showing yourself the care you'd show for others, you can start on the road toward a fulfilling future. "The more clear and aware you get of yourself as a person, your values, standards, boundaries, the more you’re going to be aware when you are in a relationship with someone who does not respect those things," says Peck.

7 Signs of a Bad Marriage, According to a Marriage Therapist

Psychological violence and ways of coping

Zyuzkina Anastasia Andreevna, psychologist of the health care institution "City Clinical Psychiatric Dispensary"

Often domestic violence against women and children is not perceived as an act of violence.

The topic of psychological abuse is broad, this issue is relevant not only in the field of the family system, but also in the sphere of work.

For example, in the scientific literature, psychological violence is called mobbing - the employer's disrespectful attitude towards employees in the context of labor relations. Situations where periodically (at least once a week) the employee is humiliated and harassed by the team or the manager, the purpose of which is to dismiss the employee during the period of employment. Mobbing is manifested in the oppression of a long period of time and includes negative statements, unfounded criticism, social isolation of an employee, dissemination of deliberately false information about a person, and more.

Psychological consequences for the object of mobbing are so serious that social significance is perceived as traumatic and compared with murder, rape and robbery. Some people even think about suicide.

Most often, psychological abuse occurs in the family. The main victims of domestic violence are women and children. The consequences of psychological violence include sleep and appetite disorders, alcoholism, reckless committing of traumatic actions, a change in the nature of the personality.

Psychological violence is a form of influencing the emotions or psyche of a partner through threats, intimidation, insults, criticism, condemnation, etc. That is, a constant verbal negative impact on another person. More often this type of violence is subjected to wives from their husbands, much less often vice versa.

Psychological abuse can escalate into physical abuse.

Domestic violence also spreads in cohabitation as cohabitation. Most often it is a form of psychological abuse. Psychological abuse is on a par with physical abuse, since the personality is violated by suppressing self-esteem. Under such conditions, the person who is targeted by the negative impact does not assess the situation as dangerous and sometimes it is necessary to convince them that they have become precisely the victims. Beliefs are formed as if she herself is to blame, misunderstood, did not tolerate, did not prove, provoked. As a result, personal characteristics are formed: self-restraint, alienation, negativism, refusal to express one's own position.

Insults, violence, mistreatment in psychology is called abuse. The person who forces to do something, offends, forces to perform actions that are unpleasant to another person, respectively, is an abuser.

The reasons why one partner affects the psyche of another are varied, the most common: the need for self-realization and self-affirmation at the expense of the other, difficulties in the inability to express one's desires and thoughts, past experience, financial dependence on one's partner, the perception of violence as a norm in family behavior, propaganda of violence in the media / movies / video games, psychological deviations in the form of a psychological trauma.

With constant criticism, the self-esteem of the victim decreases to a certain level and self-confidence is shaky, in this state it is easier for the tyrant to impose his opinion and desired behavior. The victim in such a state of mind doubts the correctness of his actions, a feeling of insignificance and guilt is instilled. By psychologically influencing such a person, another model of life is laid, the position of a tyrant is adopted and control is exercised on his part.

There are many signs of psychological violence and a combination of signs is used to determine it, and not each factor individually:

criticism - a rough assessment of shortcomings, comments about appearance, intelligence, taste preferences, such criticism may be followed by insults.
Humiliation - insults, rough treatment.
Accusation - conviction of guilt, for example, in family failures and shifting responsibility for everything that happens.
Despotism - commanding tone in communication, orders and instructions instead of requests.
Intimidation - Threats of physical violence against the victim and their loved ones, limiting prohibitions on contact with children and threats from the tyrant to commit suicide.
Prohibition to communicate with relatives, friends, colleagues, deprivation of means of communication.
Prohibited from visiting places outside the home and obtaining permission from a partner to leave the house.
Permanent presence, partner rarely leaves alone.
Monitoring behavior and communication outside the home, checking private messages, checking call lists, checking email, installing software, hidden or open surveillance (video surveillance).

Emotional abuse also includes jealousy, which manifests itself in constant accusations of adultery.

A psychological abuser has such qualities as: disrespectful attitude towards a partner and his life principles; the imposition of help that was not asked for, generosity that puts you in an awkward position; total control; jealousy; threatening behavior; the presence of double standards “I can, but you can’t”; life credo "a man (woman) is never guilty of anything."

There are several types of psychological violence. Gaslighting is one of the most severe forms of psychological abuse. The gaslighter denies their partner or child adequateness using the phrases “it seemed to you”, “it didn’t happen”, “you just don’t understand it”. The victim is instilled that the perception of the environment is erroneous, therefore, the victim is convinced that she is going crazy. Neglect - ignoring any needs, arguing that a person does not need it, deliberate negligence. Sometimes the abuser pushes his partner to plastic surgery, refuses to deal with everyday life and children. In this situation, it is best to isolate yourself from the abuser. Visholding - refusal to discuss an exciting topic. Emotional blackmail - ignoring any action of the victim, emotional coldness, silence, blackmail with personal information. The purpose of such behavior is the subordination of another person, deprivation of one's own will, and only by limiting communication can one protect himself from this. Ignoring - emotional withdrawal. Isolation - prohibition of communication with everyone except the abuser himself, so the request for help is difficult to carry out. Control - tight control over any actions of the partner. Criticism - pointing out shortcomings and miscalculations, that in front of other people it looks like ridicule. The purpose of such behavior is to form an inferiority complex, after such an impact it is difficult to recover from such a relationship, faith in oneself, partnership is lost.

It is best for the victim to get out of the situation of violence (even run away, disappear from view). Victims of psychological abuse cannot avoid mental problems. Such people are in a state of psychological trauma and experience anxiety, fear, may become depressed, and suicidal attempts are not excluded. There is also emotional dependence, neglect of one's needs, various addictions may arise, for example, alcohol or drugs.

According to studies, in those families where various types of violence (physical, psychological) are used, signs of a delay in the physical and neuropsychic development of children are noticed.

In each specific case of violence, a psychological consultation is required.

It is important to take responsibility for your life, set your own goals, learn to listen to yourself and your feelings, stop negative influences and report what is unpleasant, not tolerate when something causes negative feelings.

In difficult social, economic and psychological situations, you should contact crisis centers to receive the necessary assistance.

For psychological support, you can contact the helpline, where they will listen, support and determine the type of assistance.

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of careers in science and technology for women and girls, including in the mass media and

[...]

social media and through sensitizing parents, students, teachers, career counsellors and curriculum developers, and devising and scaling up other strategies to encourage and support their participation in these fields

daccess-ods. un.org

daccess-ods.un.org

System m a bb w o rk space refers to [...]

ECM class (Enterprise Content Management) and supports full lifecycle

[...]

document management from creation and registration to archival storage in separate databases for each calendar year.

moscow-export.com

The Company's cash management policy limits the amount of financial assets that can be held in any of the banks, depending on the amount of capital of the level of such a bank and its long-term credit rating assigned by Standard & Poors (for example, no more than 40% for a bank with a rating of m BB to December 31, 2010).

kmgep.kz

The Company's treasury policy limits the amount of financial assets held at any one bank to the lower of a stipulated maximum threshold or a percentage of the bank's Tier I capital, which is linked to the banks long term counterparty credit rating, as measured by Standard and Poor's rating agency, (e.g. not greater than 40% for a BB rated bank on December 31, 2010).

kmgep.kz

bb m e morandum of understanding [...]

between the Romanian National Anti-Money Laundering Office and

[...]

by the Anti-Money Laundering and Property Laundering Secretariat of Paraguay on cooperation in the exchange of financial intelligence on money laundering and terrorist financing, signed in Bucharest, December 2008, and Asuncion, December 2008

daccess-ods. un.org

daccess-ods.un.org

( bb) Me mor and um of u nderstanding [...]

between the Romanian National Office for Preventing and Combating Money-laundering and

[...]

the Paraguayan Secretariat for Prevention of Money-laundering or Property on cooperation in financial intelligence exchange related to money-laundering and terrorist financing, signed in Bucharest, December 2008, and in Asunción, December 2008

daccess-ods.un.org

Financial strength rating

[...] "D-" (which displays e t Ba 3 p o BCA evaluation) assigned [...]

Ardshininvestbank as one of the largest

[...]

Armenian banks (being the second bank in Armenia in terms of assets with a market share of 12. 2% in 2007, Ardshininvestbank became the leader in this indicator in March 2008), a wide branch network, good financial performance, especially growing profitability, high capitalization and performance indicators above average in the context of the Armenian market.

ashib.am

According to Moody's, ASHIB's "D-" BFSR -- which maps to a Baseline

[...] Credit As sess ment o f Ba3 – de rive from its s [...]

good franchise as one of Armenia's largest

[...]

banks (ranking second in terms of assets with a 12.2% market share as at YE2007 -- reportedly moving up to first place by March 2008) and good financial metrics, particularly, buoyant profitability, solid capitalization and above-average efficiency ratios, within the Armenian context.

ashib.am

ashib. am

In January 2009, as part of the annual review of credit ratings, Moody’s rating agency

[...]

confirmed

[...] international credit rating assigned in 2007 at the level of n e Ba 3 / P [...]

Aa3.ru, indicating

[...]

on the stable financial position of OGK-1.

ogk1.com

In January 2009 as part of annual revising of credit ratings, the international rating agency Moody’s

[...]

confirmed the international

[...] cred it rating at the level Ba3 with Stable outlook attributed in 2007 and the nat io nal s cal e rating A a3. ru, w hi ch is [. ..]

an evidence of OGK-1’s stable financial position.

ogk1.com

On tap changers with more than 15,000 operations per year we

[...]

We recommend using OF100 oil filter unit (instruction for

[...] operational and and BA 0 1 8) with paper [...]

replacement filters.

highvolt.de

If the number of on-load tap-changer operations per year

[...]

is 15,000 or higher, we recommend the use of

[...] our s ta iona ry oil fi lter un it OF [...]

100 with a paper filter insert (see Operating Instructions BA 018).

highvolt.de

highvolt. de

In our

[...] In the catalog you will find a description of all the advantages, specifications and part numbers of connections S P H / BA .

staubli.com

Discover all the advantages, technical features and part numbers of the SPH/BA couplings in our catalog.

staubli.com

The Board will also include the Deputy Director General for Social and Human Sciences (ADG/SHS),

[...] [...] director of the Bureau of Strategic Planning (DIR/BSP), director of the Bureau of Budget (D I R / BB ) , di director of the Bureau of Public Information (DIR/BPI) [...] and – depending on the topic [...]

and the needs of the world report - another Deputy Director-General for one of the program sectors.

unesdoc.unesco.org

Other members will be ADG/SHS, DIR/BSP, DIR/BB, DIR/BPI and – subject to the specific theme and exigencies of a world report – another Program Sector ADG.

unesdoc.unesco.org

Even more position of the company in

[...] [...] In the eyes of the market, it was worsened by the decision of the S&P rating agency to place the credit rating EN RC BB + n n a ..]

three months.

halykfinance.kz

halykfinance.kz

To make things even worse, S&P placed ENRC’s BB+ credit rating on “credit watch negative”, which implies a higher probabili ty of a downgrade into junk territory over the next three months.

halykfinance.kz

In June 2012, the international rating agency Fitch Ratings upgraded the long-term ratings of the Krasnodar Territory, as well as bond issues in foreign and national currencies from n i BB d o BB + .

pwc.ru

pwc.ru

In June 2012 international ratings agency Fitch Ratings upgraded the long-term ratings for Krasnodar Territory, as well as foreign and national currency long-term issuer default ratings from 'BB' to 'BB+', and affirmed Krasnodar's short-term rating at 'B '.

pwc.ru

1 BB 2 b iii 2 Production Fugitive emissions (excluding venting and flaring) from gas wells through inlets at gas treatment facilities or, if treatment is not required, at transportation junction points [. ..]

gas.

ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp

1B 2 b iii 2 Production Fugitive emissions (excluding venting and flaring) from the gas wellhead through to the inlet of gas processing plants, or, where processing is not required, to the tie-in points on gas transmission systems.

ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp

If 'Quick Reply' is enabled, a reply field will appear after the posts on the page, but you

[...]

must print your message, also

[...] you can use t b BB K od and Smilies manually, [...]

if you choose to use this.

ipribor.com.ua

If 'Quick Reply' has been enabled, a simple reply field will also appear

[. ..]

after the post(s) on a page, but you'll have to

[...] type your B ullet in Board Co de an d Smileys [...]

manually if you choose to use it.

ipribor.com

Models B J and BB with and whether the first brands of the holding [...]

Mack, built under the influence of new transport trends - machines capable of

[...]

transport heavier and bulkier loads at higher speeds.

trucksplanet.com

The Models BJ a nd BB we re the fi rst truc ks 9010 [...]

Company, built under the influence of new transport trends - machines

[. ..]

capable of carrying heavy and bulky loads with greater speed.

trucksplanet.com

trucksplanet.com

Inquiries and bookings related to Rewards (including Rewards from Partner Companies) can be made at c o m or at the Member's local service center in accordance with the process for issuing Rewards as may be in effect from time to time as set out on sai t e ba . c o m .

britishairways.com

Requests and bookings relating to Rewards (including Service Partner Rewards) may be made onl in e at ba. co m or t hr ough the M ember's local service center in accordance with such procedures that may be in force from time to time for the issue of Rewards, as set out on ba . com.

britishairways.com

In May 2012 Fitch Rating upgraded the long-term ratings of Novosibirsk

[...]

foreign and national areas

[...] Currency with level I “ BB ” BB + 905 + 905 + 905 + 905 + 905 + » , as well as long-term [...]

national scale rating –

[...]

from "AA-(rus)" to "AA(rus)".

pwc.ru

pwc.ru

In May 2012, Fitch Ratings changed its long-term rating for the Novosibirsk

[...]

Region (in foreign and local currency)

[...] from BB t o BB+, and 9[...]

rating from AA-(rus) to AA(rus).

pwc. ru

pwc.ru

The second category ( BB B , BB , B ) has a ready [...]

or almost ready (testing) product and started to attract the first

[...] 90,003 90,002 customers, but does not yet show high growth rates of the customer base and revenues.

digitaloctober.ru

Second c atego ry (BB B, BB, B ) — the s ta rtup [...]

a finished or almost finished (at the testing stage) product and has started

[...]

attracting its first clients, but has not got demonstrated a high income or client base growth rate.

digitaloctober.com:80

digitaloctober.com:80

November 16, 2009 assigned to IDGC of Center

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