Ssri and ed

Sexual dysfunction in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and potential solutions: A narrative literature review

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Effects of SSRIs on sexual function: a critical review

Review

. 1999 Feb;19(1):67-85.

doi: 10.1097/00004714-199902000-00013.

R C Rosen¹, R M Lane, M Menza

Affiliations

Affiliation

¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08854, USA.

PMID: 9934946
DOI: 10.1097/00004714-199902000-00013

Review

R C Rosen et al. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999 Feb.

. 1999 Feb;19(1):67-85.

doi: 10.1097/00004714-199902000-00013.

Authors

R C Rosen¹, R M Lane, M Menza

Affiliation

¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08854, USA.

PMID: 9934946
DOI: 10.1097/00004714-199902000-00013

Abstract

Sexual problems are highly prevalent in both men and women and are affected by, among other factors, mood state, interpersonal functioning, and psychotropic medications. The incidence of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction is difficult to estimate because of the potentially confounding effects of the illness itself, social and interpersonal comorbidities, medication effects, and design and assessment problems in most studies. Estimates of sexual dysfunction vary from a small percentage to more than 80%. This article reviews current evidence regarding sexual side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Among the sexual side effects most commonly associated with SSRIs are delayed ejaculation and absent or delayed orgasm. Sexual desire (libido) and arousal difficulties are also frequently reported, although the specific association of these disorders to SSRI use has not been consistently shown. The effects of SSRIs on sexual functioning seem strongly dose-related and may vary among the group according to serotonin and dopamine reuptake mechanisms, induction of prolactin release, anticholinergic effects, inhibition of nitric oxide synthetase, and propensity for accumulation over time. A variety of strategies have been reported in the management of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction, including waiting for tolerance to develop, dosage reduction, drug holidays, substitution of another antidepressant drug, and various augmentation strategies with 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 (5-HT2), 5-HT3, and alpha2 adrenergic receptor antagonists, 5-HT1A and dopamine receptor agonists, and phosphodiesterase (PDE5) enzyme inhibitors. Sexual side effects of SSRIs should not be viewed as entirely negative; some studies have shown improved control of premature ejaculation in men. The impacts of sexual side effects of SSRIs on treatment compliance and on patients' quality of life are important clinical considerations.

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Jalal-ed-Din Korkmasov.

Builder of Dagestan | Dagpravda.ru

Korkmasov is a descendant of an ancient family (XV century), comes from a very noble and wealthy family of hereditary nobles, whose roots go back to the influential Emir of Damascus Fakhret-Din Korkmas. The surname, formed from the Kumyk word "fear" and a negative affix, means "fearless", "brave".

Korkmasov's paternal grandfather fought on the side of Imam Shamil during the Caucasian War and was exiled to Siberia for disobedience, where he was shot. Jalal-ed-Din's father - Aselder Korkmasov - was selected by the tsarist government to St. Petersburg for service and education in a loyal spirit in the Life Guards of His Imperial Majesty Alexander II's own convoy. He served at the Main Imperial Apartment and returned to Dagestan, where a brilliant career awaited the young guards officer. However, after serving for a short time as a military translator under the governor-general, he abandoned his military career and was engaged in housekeeping and raising children.

Jalal-ed-Din himself, having started his studies at the real school of Temir-Khan-Shura, from the second grade is transferred to the classical department of the famous Stavropol gymnasium, distinguished by its freedom-loving moods. In 1897 he entered the natural faculty of the Imperial Moscow University. After the first year of study, he left for France, where he continued his education at the natural faculty of the Sorbonne University, as well as at the Paris Higher School of Sociology and Anthropology.

In June-July 1906, Korkmasov was arrested three times, on August 20, by order of the Special Meeting at the Ministry of Internal Affairs, he was deported "under public administrative supervision" to the Olonets province (the city of Lodeynoye Pole, now the Leningrad Region). In early February 1907, having received consent to replace the link with emigration and a passport, he leaves for Paris, where he continues his studies at the Sorbonne at the Faculty of Law. There he became close to the Turkish political emigrants, the Young Turks from the Unity and Progress party. Jalal-ed-Din spent some time in Turkey, where he published at his own expense an illustrated Russian-language weekly, the Istanbul News newspaper, with a circulation of 1,000 copies.

After the February Revolution he returned to Russia. Without stopping in Moscow at the ongoing All-Russian Muslim Congress, he left for Dagestan. On August 5, 1917, the Socialist Group created by him wins the regional elections, and its representatives occupy key positions in the government. Korkmasov is elected chairman of the Provisional Regional Executive Committee - the head of the government of the Dagestan region. And on April 19, 1918, he headed the Regional Provisional Military Revolutionary Committee. Moreover, he was elected to the post of head of government in his absence in Dagestan (since February he has been on the Terek). In June of the same year, the VRC was transformed into the Regional Executive Committee of the Soviets. Korkmasov is elected the head of the government of the Dagestan region - the chairman of the Dagoblispolkom of the Council and at the same time the chairman of the Temir-Khan-Shurinsky Council of the capital.

On April 11, 1920, the Defense Council of the North Caucasus and Dagestan was transformed into the Dagestan Revolutionary Committee (Dagrevkom) - the highest body of civil and military power in the transitional period until the Constituent All-Dagestan Congress, which adopted the Constitution of the republic. Korkmasov was elected chairman of the Dagrevkom. As a matter of priority, he raises the question of joining the Khasavyurt district cut off from it following the results of the Caucasian War in January 1860 to the Dagestan region and immediately in early April 1920 years after the liberation of Dagestan from the Denikin invaders, he achieves this in negotiations with the North Caucasian Revolutionary Committee and the Revolutionary Military Council of the Caucasian Front (represented by Ordzhonikidze). On this basis, on April 11, 1920, he decides to transform the Defense Council into the Regional Revolutionary Committee, in the structure of power of which, in addition to the nine existing districts, the Khasavyurt district is also included in the Region.

The work initiated by Korkmasov in 1920 and carried out under his direct supervision ended on November 16, 1922 years of joining the Republic of the Nogai and Karanogai regions (Achikulak region), November 4, 1923 - the western part of the Kizlyar district (Kizlyar region). Thus, the measures taken by the Dagestan government headed by Korkmasov led to an increase in the territory of Dagestan by more than two times.

In 1922, by order of Jalal-ed-Din Korkmasov, the capital of the republic was transferred to the city of Makhachkala (formerly Petrovsk). And in October 1921, grandiose reclamation work began on the construction of the October Revolution Canal (KOR).

Since August 1920, Korkmasov, being the head of the government of Dagestan, is also the first adviser to the embassy of the RSFSR in Turkey (the mission of Sh. Z. Eliava). In 1923, he, as ambassador-at-large, negotiated with the governments of Italy and France on a number of economic and political issues, the most important of which was the readiness of these countries to enter the official level of negotiations on de jure recognition of the USSR, and achieved positive results.

In December 1931, Korkmasov, unanimously elected by the Presidium of the USSR Central Executive Committee to the post of Deputy Secretary of the Council of Nationalities (2nd Chamber of the Central Executive Committee), moved to Moscow. By the same government decision, he is entrusted with the duties of working in the Academic Committee under the Central Executive Committee with curatorial functions for publishing, as well as a member of the All-Union Committee on Cults, a member of the Presidium of the USSR Budget Commission, and, as in previous years, he remains at the head of the All-Union Central Committee New alphabet (VCKNA of the USSR).

On June 22, 1937, he was arrested. In the process of prolonged detention, without any procedural actions related to the establishment of guilt, by a strange coincidence, on the night of September 27, a “confessional” typewritten protocol of interrogation was born, which formed the basis for the urgent transfer of the case to a meeting of the visiting Military Collegium , which took place in the morning of the same day and lasted only 10 minutes. The sentence was carried out almost immediately in the inner courtyard of the Butyrskaya prison in Moscow.

Subsequently, there was an attempt to hide the date of Korkmasov's death, indicating in the "certificate" of rehabilitation that he died without specifying the causes and place of death.

This misinformation was refuted by his grandson Anatoly Korkmasov, having achieved at the very top (the Politburo of the Central Committee) in 1990 an order for personal acquaintance in the KGB archives with all the materials of the case related to the conviction of his grandfather, and wide access to materials stored in other archives of the country.

The true date of death, its cause and place were established with "re-registration" and the issuance of a genuine certificate of death, that is, September 27, 1937 years old.

Former co-pilot Ed Keillor: I live thanks to Alexander Arbuzov

In the April issue of "Motherland" we told the incredible story of how, on October 28, 1978, Soviet fishermen from the trawler "Cape Senyavin" (Captain Alexander Arbuzov) in an eight-point storm in the middle The Pacific Ocean was found and saved from certain death by the crashed pilots of the US Navy. Our correspondent in Washington tracked down one of the rescued and met with him.

"I heard Russian speech and understood that we are safe"

- It's a good thing it wasn't American sailors who picked us up. Otherwise, we could have died - with such an unexpected revelation, our conversation began with Ed Keillor, co-pilot of the ill-fated Foxtrot Alpha 586 (AF586) of the US Navy.

- What do you mean, Ed?!

- In the United States, it was then believed that those rescued from ice water should immediately be placed in a warm bath. But this speeds up blood circulation, cold blood from the limbs enters the heart and you can get a blow. Your fishermen knew the way better. On board the Cape Senyavin we were given honey, warm water and tea. It warmed from the inside, not the outside. We were taken to a warm shower only half an hour later, when the blood had already warmed up enough.

My interlocutor relives the horror of that night in the stormy ocean: the survivors of the crash - 13 people - found themselves on two inflatable rafts, which were thrown like chips into ten-meter waves. Hope was given only by American warplanes circling overhead, trying not to lose sight of them and bring help to the target.

- We were sitting waist-deep in water, it was unimaginably cold, about 4 degrees. After 12 hours, I was near death, and three of us had already died. And suddenly we saw lights. Someone to the raft exclaimed: "Ship!" He blew the horn, no doubt left.

- At what point did you realize that the rescuers were Soviet sailors?

- We were illuminated by a powerful beam of light, very close, then Russian voices were heard. We didn't think well, but we weren't too surprised. Shortly before the crash, while still in the sky, we saw the ship on the radar and thought it was Cape Senyavin. I only found out later that it was a South Korean ship. And from him, when asked by the United States to help us, they answered that it was too dangerous. And the Russians transmitted a radiogram to Captain Alexander Arbuzov, and he replied: "Of course. "

- What is your first thought at the sounds of Russian speech?

- I breathed a sigh of relief. The fact is that there were also North Korean fishing boats around. If we had heard Korean, we would probably have panicked. Ten years earlier, there was a high-profile incident when the DPRK seized a small ship, and then sailors were brutally tortured there for a whole year. I realized that we are safe, - my interlocutor whistles and makes a characteristic gesture, as if brushing sweat from his forehead.

"God helped us and the skill of the captain"

Ed Keillor again and again admires the skill of the Soviet captain and his crew.

- Did you watch "Titanic"? he asks. - There at the end they lower the boats into the water, smooth as ice, and it is not easy for them. And then Alexander and his people lowered the lifeboat when there was almost a hurricane around. Just imagine: here is the surface of the water next to you, and after a couple of seconds it falls ten meters down. Very risky! But the fishermen from "Cape Senyavin" later told us that it was at that moment that the Lord seemed to come out of the clouds and the water calmed down a bit. And most importantly, Alexander turned his ship so that he covered the boat from the wind. Can you imagine what this skill is?! Of course, these guys in the boat, saving us, went to their death...

- What are your first impressions on board the Senyavin?

- We drank tea with honey and I felt an instant energy boost. Since then, I only drink it in the cold. It's amazing how quickly it helps. After all, I almost lost consciousness, and already 15 minutes after getting on board I was able to write a radiogram to an American plane circling nearby.

- These were the first Soviet people you had a chance to meet...

- Yes, and they behaved in a very simple, friendly, human way. Curious. But we did not know Russian, so close communication did not work. And the team had enough of their work. Only the radio operator spoke English to us. We were told that it was not necessary to go to some places, and we did not go. On the bridge, in the engine room. We could move freely throughout the rest of the ship's rooms.

- What were you treated to?

"The same thing every day, for breakfast, lunch and dinner," Ed laughs. - Something from salted beef, cabbage, beets, potatoes and sour cream. But it was delicious, they themselves ate like that.

"I realized that the poet Yevtushenko is right"

Cape Senyavin reached Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in 48 hours. The pilots were placed in a hospital, then transported to Khabarovsk and then home to the United States. Almost 40 years later, Ed carefully lays out souvenirs on the table - travel booklets, postcards, an unopened pack of "Java" with a price tag of 30 kopecks...

Shows photos of a cheerful feast in the hospital:

- This is Khabarovsk. We have just been informed that we are flying home at night. And our naval attache, who flew in from Moscow, said that, according to Russian tradition, many toasts should be raised.

- And what were the toasts for?

- For Brezhnev, for Carter, for brave sailors.

- What's in the bottles?

- Vodka. And big glasses. Just look at this size. Try drinking six or seven of these, even if you're 25. But the doctor who ran the military hospital...

- Do you know that the famous Soviet poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko wrote poems about your downfall and salvation?

- Yes, they were read to us through a translator. At first I thought something was wrong here. These are poems about the courage and sacrifice of the Soviet people. But it was we who were in cold water and fought for our lives! An hour later I realized how wrong I was. These people don't owe us anything. And they risked their lives for us. And since then, I've only thought about it that way.

"We looked at Alexander with open mouths.

.."

It took almost 25 years for the saviors and the saved to establish contact. The attempts of the latter to send parcels and letters to the address "Cape Senyavin" ended in nothing. Diplomats withdrew from help. And only in 2003 did the Americans learn the name of their savior - Alexander Arbuzov. And soon managed to organize a meeting in Las Vegas with him and other participants in the operation.

- Ed, what was the captain's first question?

- I asked: "Alexander, why? Why, during the cold war between our countries, did you risk your people to save us?" And he answered: "Because both we and you are people of the sea. I had to do it." Uh... (Ed sighs). Can you say better!

- What impression did Alexander Alekseevich make on you?

- (Long pause). He is an amazing person. It can't even be described... We all looked at him with open mouths. He became a real star in Las Vegas. I even had to pull myself together and let him spend some time in Las Vegas with his wife and granddaughter, otherwise we constantly took him away from the family. I was told that he began commanding Cape Senyavin at the age of 28. This is a very large ship for such a young man. He was promoted because he did a good job.

- Did you recognize each other?

- I think I saw Alexander on the Senyavin. But then he did not introduce himself as a captain, he just came to us. By the way, he brought with him a model of Cape Senyavin. She was an exact replica of the ship at the time we were picked up. Very beautiful.

- How did you say goodbye in Las Vegas?

- I didn't want to say goodbye. They hugged tightly.

Last thanks to the captain

Alas, I came to Ed with sad news: Alexander Alekseevich Arbuzov has recently passed away. Asked to say the last words to the captain in order to convey them to the widow, Ed slowly and with deep feeling said:

- I would like to express that I live thanks to him. I always remember him and still tell everyone about him. We were incredibly lucky that he was the captain of that ship.

Learn more

Ssri and ed

Sexual dysfunction in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and potential solutions: A narrative literature review

Effects of SSRIs on sexual function: a critical review

Affiliation

Authors

Affiliation

Abstract

Similar articles

Cited by

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Jalal-ed-Din Korkmasov.

Former co-pilot Ed Keillor: I live thanks to Alexander Arbuzov

"I heard Russian speech and understood that we are safe"

"God helped us and the skill of the captain"

"I realized that the poet Yevtushenko is right"

"We looked at Alexander with open mouths.

Last thanks to the captain