Low confidence and depression
SAMHSA’s National Helpline | SAMHSA
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SAMHSA’s National Helpline is a free, confidential, 24/7, 365-day-a-year treatment referral and information service (in English and Spanish) for individuals and families facing mental and/or substance use disorders.
Also visit the online treatment locator.
SAMHSA’s National Helpline, 1-800-662-HELP (4357) (also known as the Treatment Referral Routing Service), or TTY: 1-800-487-4889 is a confidential, free, 24-hour-a-day, 365-day-a-year, information service, in English and Spanish, for individuals and family members facing mental and/or substance use disorders.
This service provides referrals to local treatment facilities, support groups, and community-based organizations.
Also visit the online treatment locator, or send your zip code via text message: 435748 (HELP4U) to find help near you. Read more about the HELP4U text messaging service.
The service is open 24/7, 365 days a year.
English and Spanish are available if you select the option to speak with a national representative. Currently, the 435748 (HELP4U) text messaging service is only available in English.
In 2020, the Helpline received 833,598 calls. This is a 27 percent increase from 2019, when the Helpline received a total of 656,953 calls for the year.
The referral service is free of charge. If you have no insurance or are underinsured, we will refer you to your state office, which is responsible for state-funded treatment programs. In addition, we can often refer you to facilities that charge on a sliding fee scale or accept Medicare or Medicaid.
If you have health insurance, you are encouraged to contact your insurer for a list of participating health care providers and facilities.
The service is confidential. We will not ask you for any personal information. We may ask for your zip code or other pertinent geographic information in order to track calls being routed to other offices or to accurately identify the local resources appropriate to your needs.
No, we do not provide counseling. Trained information specialists answer calls, transfer callers to state services or other appropriate intake centers in their states, and connect them with local assistance and support.
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Suggested Resources
What Is Substance Abuse Treatment? A Booklet for Families
Created for family members of people with alcohol abuse or drug abuse problems. Answers questions about substance abuse, its symptoms, different types of treatment, and recovery.
Addresses concerns of children of parents with substance use/abuse problems.It's Not Your Fault (NACoA) (PDF | 12 KB)
Assures teens with parents who abuse alcohol or drugs that, "It's not your fault!" and that they are not alone. Encourages teens to seek emotional support from other adults, school counselors, and youth support groups such as Alateen, and provides a resource list.After an Attempt: A Guide for Taking Care of Your Family Member After Treatment in the Emergency Department
Aids family members in coping with the aftermath of a relative's suicide attempt. Describes the emergency department treatment process, lists questions to ask about follow-up treatment, and describes how to reduce risk and ensure safety at home.Family Therapy Can Help: For People in Recovery From Mental Illness or Addiction
Explores the role of family therapy in recovery from mental illness or substance abuse. Explains how family therapy sessions are run and who conducts them, describes a typical session, and provides information on its effectiveness in recovery.
For additional resources, please visit the SAMHSA Store.
Last Updated: 08/30/2022
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs
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Misusing alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs can have both immediate and long-term health effects.The misuse and abuse of alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and prescription medications affect the health and well-being of millions of Americans. SAMHSA’s 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health reports that approximately 19.3 million people aged 18 or older had a substance use disorder in the past year.
Alcohol
Data:
- In 2020, 50.0% of people aged 12 or older (or 138.5 million people) used alcohol in the past month (i.e., current alcohol users) (2020 NSDUH)
- Among the 138.5 million people who were current alcohol users, 61.
6 million people (or 44.4%) were classified as binge drinkers and 17.7 million people (28.8% of current binge drinkers and 12.8% of current alcohol users) were classified as heavy drinkers (2020 NSDUH) - The percentage of people who were past month binge alcohol users was highest among young adults aged 18 to 25 (31.4%) compared with 22.9% of adults aged 26 or older and 4.1% of adolescents aged 12 to 17 (2020 NSDUH)
- The 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health reports that 139.7 million Americans age 12 or older were past month alcohol users, 65.8 million people were binge drinkers in the past month, and 16 million were heavy drinkers in the past month
- About 2.3 million adolescents aged 12 to 17 in 2019 drank alcohol in the past month, and 1.2 million of these adolescents binge drank in that period (2019 NSDUH)
- Approximately 14.5 million people age 12 or older had an alcohol use disorder (2019 NSDUH)
- Excessive alcohol use can increase a person’s risk of stroke, liver cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, cancer, and other serious health conditions
- Excessive alcohol use can also lead to risk-taking behavior, including driving while impaired.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that 29 people in the United States die in motor vehicle crashes that involve an alcohol-impaired driver daily
Programs/Initiatives:
- STOP Underage Drinking interagency portal - Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Prevention of Underage Drinking
- Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Prevention of Underage Drinking
- Talk. They Hear You.
- Underage Drinking: Myths vs. Facts
- Talking with your College-Bound Young Adult About Alcohol
Relevant links:
- National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors
- Department of Transportation Office of Drug & Alcohol Policy & Compliance
- Alcohol Policy Information Systems Database (APIS)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Tobacco
Data:
- In 2020, 20.7% of people aged 12 or older (or 57.
3 million people) used nicotine products (i.e., used tobacco products or vaped nicotine) in the past month (2020 NSDUH) - Among past month users of nicotine products, nearly two thirds of adolescents aged 12 to 17 (63.1%) vaped nicotine but did not use tobacco products. In contrast, 88.9% of past month nicotine product users aged 26 or older used only tobacco products (2020 NSDUH)
- Data from the 2019 NSDUH reports that 58.1 million people were current (i.e., past month) tobacco users. Specifically, 45.9 million people aged 12 or older in 2019 were past month cigarette smokers (2019 NSDUH)
- Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death, often leading to lung cancer, respiratory disorders, heart disease, stroke, and other serious illnesses. The CDC reports that cigarette smoking causes more than 480,000 deaths each year in the United States
- The CDC’s Office on Smoking and Health reports that more than 16 million Americans are living with a disease caused by smoking cigarettes
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use data:
- Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 2020 National Youth Tobacco Survey.
Among both middle and high school students, current use of e-cigarettes declined from 2019 to 2020, reversing previous trends and returning current e-cigarette use to levels similar to those observed in 2018 - E-cigarettes are not safe for youth, young adults, or pregnant women, especially because they contain nicotine and other chemicals
Resources:
- Tips for Teens: Tobacco
- Tips for Teens: E-cigarettes
- Implementing Tobacco Cessation Programs in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Settings
- Synar Amendment Program
Links:
- Truth Initiative
- FDA Center for Tobacco Products
- CDC Office on Smoking and Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse: Tobacco, Nicotine, and E-Cigarettes
- National Institute on Drug Abuse: E-Cigarettes
Opioids
Data:
- Among people aged 12 or older in 2020, 3.4% (or 9.5 million people) misused opioids in the past year.
Among the 9.5 million people who misused opioids in the past year, 9.3 million people misused prescription pain relievers and 902,000 people used heroin (2020 NSDUH) - An estimated 745,000 people had used heroin in the past year, based on 2019 NSDUH data
- In 2019, there were 10.1 million people age 12 or older who misused opioids in the past year. The vast majority of people misused prescription pain relievers (2019 NSDUH)
- An estimated 1.6 million people aged 12 or older had an opioid use disorder based on 2019 NSDUH data
- Opioid use, specifically injection drug use, is a risk factor for contracting HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. The CDC reports that people who inject drugs accounted for 9 percent of HIV diagnoses in the United States in 2016
- According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Understanding the Epidemic, an average of 128 Americans die every day from an opioid overdose
Resources:
- Medication-Assisted Treatment
- Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit
- TIP 63: Medications for Opioid Use Disorder
- Use of Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Criminal Justice Settings
- Opioid Use Disorder and Pregnancy
- Clinical Guidance for Treating Pregnant and Parenting Women With Opioid Use Disorder and Their Infants
- The Facts about Buprenorphine for Treatment of Opioid Addiction
- Pregnancy Planning for Women Being Treated for Opioid Use Disorder
- Tips for Teens: Opioids
- Rural Opioid Technical Assistance Grants
- Tribal Opioid Response Grants
- Provider’s Clinical Support System - Medication Assisted Treatment Grant Program
Links:
- National Institute on Drug Abuse: Opioids
- National Institute on Drug Abuse: Heroin
- HHS Prevent Opioid Abuse
- Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America
- Addiction Technology Transfer Center (ATTC) Network
- Prevention Technology Transfer Center (PTTC) Network
Marijuana
Data:
- The percentage of people who used marijuana in the past year was highest among young adults aged 18 to 25 (34.
5%) compared with 16.3% of adults aged 26 or older and 10.1% of adolescents aged 12 to 17 (2020 NSDUH) - 2019 NSDUH data indicates that 48.2 million Americans aged 12 or older, 17.5 percent of the population, used marijuana in the past year
- Approximately 4.8 million people aged 12 or older in 2019 had a marijuana use disorder in the past year (2019 NSDUH)
- Marijuana can impair judgment and distort perception in the short term and can lead to memory impairment in the long term
- Marijuana can have significant health effects on youth and pregnant women.
Resources:
- Know the Risks of Marijuana
- Marijuana and Pregnancy
- Tips for Teens: Marijuana
Relevant links:
- National Institute on Drug Abuse: Marijuana
- Addiction Technology Transfer Centers on Marijuana
- CDC Marijuana and Public Health
Emerging Trends in Substance Misuse:
- Methamphetamine—In 2019, NSDUH data show that approximately 2 million people used methamphetamine in the past year.
Approximately 1 million people had a methamphetamine use disorder, which was higher than the percentage in 2016, but similar to the percentages in 2015 and 2018. The National Institute on Drug Abuse Data shows that overdose death rates involving methamphetamine have quadrupled from 2011 to 2017. Frequent meth use is associated with mood disturbances, hallucinations, and paranoia. - Cocaine—In 2019, NSDUH data show an estimated 5.5 million people aged 12 or older were past users of cocaine, including about 778,000 users of crack. The CDC reports that overdose deaths involving have increased by one-third from 2016 to 2017. In the short term, cocaine use can result in increased blood pressure, restlessness, and irritability. In the long term, severe medical complications of cocaine use include heart attacks, seizures, and abdominal pain.
- Kratom—In 2019, NSDUH data show that about 825,000 people had used Kratom in the past month. Kratom is a tropical plant that grows naturally in Southeast Asia with leaves that can have psychotropic effects by affecting opioid brain receptors.
It is currently unregulated and has risk of abuse and dependence. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that health effects of Kratom can include nausea, itching, seizures, and hallucinations.
Resources:
- Tips for Teens: Methamphetamine
- Tips for Teens: Cocaine
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
More SAMHSA publications on substance use prevention and treatment.
Last Updated: 04/27/2022
Low self-esteem and depression | HLPS.ru
The human personality is very complex. Everyone has distinctive qualities that affect how a person manages his life. Some people can handle difficult situations well and keep moving forward, but for others it becomes unbearable. You can also list people whose coping style may be less effective and may lead to the development of serious psychiatric disorders (such as depression).
1. Factors influencing the formation of personality
The human personality develops throughout his life.
This is influenced by various factors - internal and external. The difficulties and obstacles that arise and how a person copes with them in life play a very important role. Personal development is also inextricably linked with the family environment, such an influence greatly affects his future life as a child. Parents should be role models for their children, support and surrounding them with feelings is necessary for positive and friendly relations. Helping a child helps him grow up in an atmosphere of security and self-confidence.
2. Self-esteem and self-esteem
These values are built on the basis of the words of the closest people and the person's own self-esteem. Surrounding the child with love is very important for the child to be confident in his own abilities. Failure to meet the child's basic needs (feelings of security, love, tenderness, etc.), making fun of him or imposing excessive demands on him may lead to a distorted self-image in the future.
The dependence of one's own self-esteem on outsiders' opinions can lead to a number of difficulties, and, as a result, to the development of mental disorders, including depression.
3. Psychological consequences of low self-esteem
Changes in self-esteem from external factors can lead to psychological problems. Low self-esteem can lead to isolation from social life.
Avoiding confrontation, underestimating one's own accomplishments, and not taking action are signs of low self-esteem that lead to detrimental consequences.
4. The effect of low self-esteem on depression
Low self-esteem and the difficulties associated with it can cause depression. Depression is preceded by characteristic disorders (poor self-esteem and feelings, a negative approach to the future). These primary disorders affect many areas of human life. They manifest themselves in thinking, such a person does not have a concrete idea of himself and reality.
The occurrence of such mood problems is a secondary disorder, which, in combination with primary disorders, leads to the development of depression.
Low self-esteem leads to negative assessments of both oneself and reality. A person forms the perception of the world and the scheme of relationships with other people in a negative way. Past problems and a growing sense of inferiority cause us to withdraw into ourselves and experience many difficulties. These problems can lead to the development of mood disorders leading to the development of depression.
Mental health care and medication may not solve all the problems of a patient with low self-esteem. It is also worth giving him access to psychotherapy and appropriate support. A good solution is individual psychotherapy or so-called support groups. Psychotherapy will support pharmacological treatment and reinforce positive behavior patterns. It may also allow the patient to increase self-esteem and make him independent of the opinions of the environment.
More details on the site psyo.su
5 reasons that cause depression and low self-esteem
Author Kluber To read 5 min. Views 5k. Posted by
Studies have clearly shown that if you have low self-esteem, you become more prone to depression. This is obvious because your negative emotions are directed at yourself. And sooner or later you will not be able to get out of the vicious circle. Low self-esteem can lead to much more serious consequences in the long run.
The best way to improve your self-esteem is to start thinking positively. You must gradually and carefully examine the factors that cause you to have low self-esteem. What exactly makes you sad, as a result of which you fall into depression. You can fool yourself and think that nothing can be changed, but in fact, you are quite capable of controlling your thinking.
Rewire your brain to positive thinking in order to achieve happiness.
Instead of weighing yourself down with negative, destructive thoughts, you can find a path to success. Below we describe a few things that often cause low self-esteem and, as a result, depression.
“Aim for the highest goals and don't devalue yourself. Realize that you can achieve it. You should see that many people struggle with depression and other problems every day. Not only you. You are not alone.” – Holly Holm
1. Perfectionism
No matter how many times you hear that perfectionism can take you to the next level in development, you only limit your opportunities because of too high and almost impossible goals. Perfectionists are often unable to deal with low self-esteem and depression, anxiety, and self-deprecating thoughts. You cannot be satisfied with yourself if you set the bar too high for yourself.
Perfectionism can lead to fear of new things because you will be afraid of failure. The best way to avoid this is to recognize that failure is just a tool for effective learning.
People learn best from their mistakes. If you stop being afraid of them, you will see that they are not deadly. Focus on more and remember that there are far more important things in life. And not everything in this world is perfect.
2. Self-projection
This thing is very common in people suffering from anxiety, low self-esteem and depression. When you face all this, you consider yourself a failure. And you start to think that others see it too. You begin to doubt any relationship with people and suspect that each of them hates you. It has to do with self-doubt because you can't know what others think of you. Just try to let go of that mindset and realize that you are just as important to society as your friends. In this way, you will understand that your self-esteem issues are related only to you, and not to others.
3. Meeting expectations
It's a fact that you can't please everyone. But if you have low self-esteem, you will constantly try to live up to the expectations that others have built for you.
Because you need support and recognition of your own importance. You don’t know how to say “no” because you don’t want to put a person in an uncomfortable position or vice versa. Always remember that your life is in your hands and only you decide how to manage it. You must put yourself first. True friends will understand this and will not reproach you. If you try to please everyone, sooner or later someone will take advantage of this for their own benefit. Just accept that confrontation with society is a necessary evil. Don't let other people's desires cloud your life.
4. Guilt
Each of us makes mistakes. And we all face certain problems every day. People with low self-esteem and a tendency to depression cannot cope with guilt because of their own failures. Every time you will remind yourself of this or that failure. What kind of self-esteem can we talk about in this case? When you judge yourself for something you failed to do, you deliberately lower your self-esteem.
Learn to forgive yourself and those around you. Learn from this lesson to become kinder and happier.
5. Regret
Life in the past never helped anyone. You cannot afford to live on past failures and beat yourself up over missed opportunities. This feeling of regret will haunt you constantly and lead you to deep depression. Therefore, direct your thoughts in a positive direction to become productive now. So that you can achieve even more than you could in the past.
Remind yourself of everything you did a long time ago. Realize that life is not just black and white. It has many more colors and shades. And in any situation, even unsuccessful for you, there are positive moments. In any case, you can remind yourself of the mistake in order to avoid it in the future. Why not? Ultimately, you will learn to look only forward and realize that it is impossible to live in the past. Because you can't bring back the past.
Summary
Learning to accept yourself is what you must do.
