Make a right
Turns - California DMV
Left turns– To make a left turn, drive close to the center divider line or into the left turn lane. Begin signaling
about 100 feet before the turn. Look over your left shoulder and reduce your speed. Stop behind the limit line. Look left, then right, then left again, and make the turn when it is safe. When you turn left, do not turn too soon and “cut the corner” of the lane belonging to the vehicles coming towards you.
Example of a left turn
Keep your wheels pointed straight ahead until it is safe to start your turn. If your wheels are pointed to the left and a vehicle hits you from behind, you could be pushed into oncoming traffic. A left turn against a red light can only be made from a one-way street onto a one-way street. Signal and stop for a red traffic light at the marked limit line. If there is no limit line, stop before entering the crosswalk. If there is no crosswalk, stop before entering the intersection.
You may turn left into a left-moving, one-way street if there is no sign to prohibit the turn. Yield to pedestrians, bicyclists, or other vehicles moving on their green light.
Right turns–To make a right turn, drive close to the right edge of the road. If there is a bike lane, drive into the bike lane no more than 200 feet before the turn. Watch for pedestrians, bicyclists, or motorcyclists who may get between your vehicle and the curb. Begin signaling about 100 feet before the turn. Look over your right shoulder and reduce your speed. Stop behind the limit line. Look both ways and turn when it is safe. Do not turn wide into another lane. Complete your turn in the right lane.
Example of a right turn:
200 feet is over half the length of an American football field.
Public Transit Bus Lanes–It is illegal to drive, stop, park, or leave a vehicle standing in the area of a road designated for the exclusive use of public transit buses unless a vehicle must cross the lane to make a turn.
Signs will be posted to indicate the lanes are for “bus only” use.
Right turn against a red traffic signal light–Signal and stop for a red traffic signal light at the marked limit line. If there is no limit line, stop before entering the crosswalk. If there is no crosswalk, stop before entering the intersection. You may turn right if there is no sign to prohibit the turn. Yield to pedestrians, motorcyclists, bicyclists, or other vehicles moving on their green traffic signal light.
Right turn onto a road with a dedicated lane–You may make a right turn without stopping if the road you are turning onto has a nonmerging lane dedicated to right turning vehicles, and there is no sign to prohibit a free right turn. You may proceed without stopping, even if there is a red traffic signal light located within the island for vehicles proceeding straight through the intersection. If there is a traffic signal light or sign on the right curb of the right turn lane, you must follow the directions of that traffic signal light or sign.
Always yield to pedestrians within a crosswalk.
No turn against a red arrow–You may not turn right or left against a red arrow.
Examples Of Right and Left Turns
Numbers on the cars in the diagrams refer to numbered sentences on these pages. Always use your turn signals.
1. Left turn from a two-way street. Start the turn in the left lane closest to the middle of the street. Complete the turn, if safe, in either lane of the cross street (shown by the arrows). Use the center left turn lane if one is available. A left turn may be made from the other lane, if permitted by signs or arrows.
2. Right turn. Begin and end the turn in the lane nearest the right edge of the road. Do not swing wide into another lane of traffic. Watch for pedestrians, motorcyclists, and bicyclists between your vehicle and the curb. Sometimes, signs or pavement markings will let you turn right from another lane as shown by the graphic.
3. Left turn from a two-way street into a one-way street.
Start the turn from the lane closest to the middle of the street. Turn into any lane that is safely open, as shown by the arrows.
4. Left turn from a one-way street into a two-way street. Start the turn from the far left lane. Turn into either of the lanes that are safely open, as shown by the arrows.
5. Left turn from a one-way street into a one-way street. Start the turn from the far left lane. Watch for pedestrians, motorcyclists, and bicyclists between your vehicle and the curb because they can legally use the left turn lane for their left turns. Turn into any lane that is safely open, as shown by the arrows.
6. Right turn from a one-way street into a one-way street. Start the turn in the far right lane. If safe, you may end the turn in any lane. Sometimes, signs or pavement markings will let you turn right from another lane, as shown by the graphic.
7. Turn at a “T” intersection from a one-way street into a two-way street.
Through traffic has the right-of-way. You may turn either right or left from the center lane. Watch for vehicles, motorcyclists, and bicyclists inside your turn.
Legal U-Turns
A U-turn is turning your vehicle around in the street to go back the way you came. To make a U-turn, signal and use the far left lane or the center left turn lane. You may make a legal U-turn:
- Across a double yellow line when it is safe and legal.
- In a residential district:
- If there are no vehicles approaching you within 200 feet.
- Whenever a traffic sign, light, or traffic signal light protects you from approaching vehicles.
- At an intersection on a green traffic signal light or green arrow, unless a “No U-turn” sign is posted.
- On a divided highway, only if an opening is provided in the center divider.
Illegal U-Turns
Never make a U-turn:
- At or on a railroad crossing.
- On a divided highway by crossing a dividing section, curb, strip of land, or two sets of double yellow lines.
- Where you cannot see clearly 200 feet in each direction because of a curve, hill, rain, fog, or other reason.
- Where a “No U-turn” sign is posted.
- When other vehicles may hit you.
- On a one-way street.
- In front of a fire station. Never use a fire station driveway to turn your vehicle around.
- In business districts. Areas with churches, apartments, multifamily housing units, and public buildings (except schools) are also considered to be business districts. Turn only at an intersection, unless a sign prohibits it, or where openings are provided for turns.
Where Did Brad Pitt's Make it Right Foundation Go Wrong?
The Report
In the wake of a class action lawsuit, AD PRO explores how a well-intentioned aid initiative for Hurricane Katrina victims went awry
By Kaitlin Menza
Homes in the Lower Ninth Ward built by the Make It Right Foundation on Deslonde Street in New Orleans, Louisiana.
11 years after the hurricane, residents of some Make It Right homes filed a class-action lawsuit against the organization, sayign the homes are now in disrepair.Photo: Derick E. Hingle/Bloomberg via Getty Images
“They gave us a tour of a house that was already built. It was going to be different,” says Alfreda Claiborne, a resident of one of the houses Brad Pitt’s nonprofit Make It Right Foundation built in the Lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.
“We were going to be saving a lot on our electricity. It was storm protected. They [were] telling us stuff,” she remembers. “The impression we were under, the way the houses were built, if a storm did come, it would float.”
Claiborne, 67, moved into a three-bedroom home on Tennessee Street with her husband, three children, and one grandchild in 2009. Situated on a corner, the house is a bleached beige rhombus with exaggerated geometric eaves, hovering on pilings high above the ground. It tapers downward in the back, where sheets of corrugated metal create a decorative checkerboard pattern around the multiple patios.
“The house was nice when [we] moved in. It was everything we wanted,” Claiborne says. “We were all excited about this house.” But within a few short years of moving in, she says their happy home began to—quite literally—crumble beneath their feet.
“Our porch, the wood is rotten. We have a hole in the porch. The railing came apart. Right now we have problems with the light switches. It's just coming apart,” she says. The rotting, moldy stairwells and porch don’t just smell: they’re dangerous both for Claiborne’s granddaughter and for her husband, who had a stroke a few years ago.
According to Claiborne, the family has made multiple calls to Make It Right representatives, but have never heard back. “When you leave a message, they wouldn’t return your call. I just stopped calling them,” she says. The Claibornes didn’t have the money to fix the major issues themselves, as they sunk what was left of their savings into the down payment.
Thirteen years after their original home in the Lower Ninth Ward drowned and after they were displaced to Fort Worth, Texas, to wait out the recovery, the family is facing hardship once again.
“Yes, I wanted to come back,” Claiborne says of her return to New Orleans. “But if I knew how we would be treated and taken advantage of, I wouldn’t have come.”
Hurricane Katrina flooded 80 percent of New Orleans when it hit in August 2005, killing more than 1,500 people in the state of Louisiana alone and displacing more than one million in the Gulf Coast region. While some residents could return to their homes within days, an estimated 600,000 households remained displaced a month later. The hurricane remains the largest residential disaster in American history.
The Lower Ninth Ward, a working-class, predominantly African-American neighborhood on the banks of the Mississippi River, was completely submerged by the hurricane. When actor Brad Pitt visited the area two years after the storm, he was alarmed by how little had been done to rebuild. Putting to use his considerable power and wealth, he pulled together 21 of the world’s most famous architects, as well as homeowners and community organizers in the Ward, and launched a project to build houses that were affordable, environmentally friendly, and aesthetically pleasing.
Pitt pledged $5 million in matching donations toward the project and requested donations from international diplomats during a conference at the Clinton Global Initiative in September 2007. On March 16, 2008, former president Bill Clinton picked up a shovel alongside Pitt and they broke ground on the project.
Brad Pitt gives Ellen DeGeneres a walking tour of the homes ahead of a fundraiser in 2007.
Photo: Julie Dermansky via Getty
“We are so appreciative of the support we have received from the Lower Ninth Ward Community, the Clinton Global Initiative, and university students from around the country at our groundbreaking today,” Pitt said at the event. “We are excited about today, but need to remember that our project is one small part of addressing a much larger need. Thousands of people still need help in order to return home.”
Ten years later, only 109 of the 150 have been completed, and of those 109, many appear to be falling apart.
On September 7, 2018, two Lower Ninth Ward residents filed suit against the Make It Right Foundation, alleging that the nonprofit built and sold substandard houses with “defective” materials that caused structural issues, electrical and plumbing malfunctions, and insufficient ventilation.
Further, the suit alleges that the foundation was aware of problems as early as 2013 and that Make It Right representatives arranged inspections of the houses in 2016, 2017, and 2018, but did not share the results with residents; in fact, the reps allegedly asked some residents to sign nondisclosure agreements before they would agree to make repairs, say the plaintiffs.
“Make It Right was very good at pacifying people and putting them off, and pacifying people and putting them off. They might come back and fix one thing, but not everything,” says attorney Ron Austin, who is representing residents Lloyd Francis and Jennifer Decuir in the lawsuit. “I think they were able to get away with it because of who they were, because the residents were very grateful with Make It Right stepping in and showing interest in their community.
”
What some people fail to realize, Austin points out, is that these houses were not gifts from Pitt. He developed the project, but residents are still on the hook for their mortgages despite the now unsafe or even unlivable conditions of many Make It Right homes. “Everyone thinks that Brad Pitt swooped in with a cape on and gave everybody free houses, and now they’re ungrateful people who got something for nothing and they’re complaining. That’s not true,” he says. “All of these people have mortgages. This is the biggest purchase they’ll ever make.”
On September 18 2018, Make It Right reportedly filed a lawsuit against John C. Williams, the New Orleans architect they hired to fulfill the plans and blueprints of their star designers. In a statement to People, Make It Right said it “has filed a lawsuit against its former executive architect, John Williams, and his firm for monetary damages to remediate and repair affected homes in the Lower [Ninth] Ward of New Orleans, arising from his engagement with the Foundation.
”
They continued, “Make It Right continues to work proactively with homeowners in the Lower [Ninth] Ward, and we will make no further comment on the case at this time.” The Make It Right foundation did not respond to Architectural Digest’s requests for comment.
For his part, Pitt acknowledged that he and the foundation had no idea how difficult their project would be. "We went into it incredibly naive," he told the New Orleans Times-Picayune newspaper in August 2015, on the occasion of the ten-year anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. "Just thinking we can build homes—how hard is that?—and not understanding forgivable loan structures and family financial counseling and getting the rights to lots and HUD grants and so on and so forth. So it's been a big learning curve."
Neal Morris is the principal at Redmellon Restoration and Development, a socially minded development firm in New Orleans, and a veteran of all the complexities Pitt was likely unaware of.
While it is indeed complicated, he was able to provide some broad strokes. “As a private developer who develops affordable housing, one has to avail oneself of subsidies in order to make affordable housing work. These subsidies are ultimately tied to a private market, right? You have to have someone willing to purchase that tax credit,” Morris explains.
“Make It Right was in a unique situation, because they had an enormous amount of goodwill from everyone in the country [who] wanted to help New Orleans after the storm,” he continues. “And they had the power of Brad Pitt’s celebrity, with his passion—and by all accounts, he’s a good guy—and with his network of people, with their ability to fundraise. So that project was not constrained by any of the normal things that might constrain, or act as a check, on projects like that.”
In the dazed months and even years after Katrina, when 70 percent of the housing in New Orleans was damaged, there was a deluge of out-of-state developers and contractors as well as plenty of do-gooder types who wanted to help out.
“I would have to say that there was just so much activity that I think it was very, very hard to regulate,” says Oji Alexander, the executive director of Home by Hand, a nonprofit developer of affordable housing in New Orleans. “Because there was this fight between [needing] to move quickly [and] [getting] people back into their homes quickly. But the risk you run there is, some things happen in that context [that] may go unchecked.”
An indication of just how unchecked some processes were: Ray Nagin, the mayor of New Orleans from 2002 to 2010—before,during, and after the hurricane—was indicted in January 2013 on 21 counts of corruption related to kickbacks he received from contractors who came into the city post-Katrina. He was convicted on 20 of the charges in February 2014 and is currently serving 10 years in a federal prison in Texas.
Before Alexander joined Home by Hand, he was a project manager for an effort very similar to Pitt’s. Leonard Riggio, the founder and chairman of Barnes & Noble, was moved by the Katrina devastation and with his wife, Louise, pledged $20 million to build 100 houses through a foundation called Project Home Again.
So, when faced with the same complicated community and loan structures, why did their homes, or the ones built by Habitat for Humanity, apparently succeed, when Pitt and Make It Right struggled so spectacularly?
“[The Riggios], they took a different approach [...] where they didn't have necessarily a hard stance on We're going to have to hit these energy-efficiency measures or We're going to try to hit these benchmarks. It was Let's find a builder-friendly house, so we keep the costs down so that our resources, the most possible resources, are actually going to families,” Alexander explains. Structures were simpler, buyers were required to undergo homeownership training, and mortgages would be forgiven after five years via a homeownership swap agreement.
“We did everything we could to make sure that our homeowners would be successful,” he says. “I've actually worked with at least one of the architects who worked with Brad Pitt’s project. We've worked with some of the builders.
I can tell you about the things that I know did work for us, and it was the KISS approach: Keep it simple.”
Another theory for what may have led to the project’s ruin is the excess of ambition. Pitt gathered some of the world’s best architects to create rows of eye-popping, brightly colored designs. “You have designers who were really bright folks from all over the country who were thinking very, very big and maybe in the process lost sight. . . .here are reasons why people build things in a certain way in a certain place,” Morris says. “New Orleans is so special, the way we have to do our buildings. But any place has a local architectural vernacular. Things are done in a certain way with certain materials, because of where they are and what their climate is.”
Architectural Digest reached out to several of the architects who contributed designs and did not receive a response.
Then there are the materials themselves, and the assembly of those materials. “That’s it, construction from start to bottom,” says Austin, the attorney in the residents’ suit.
“I think an argument could be made that some of the materials they chose were imprudent [but] efficient materials. So you have bad design on some poor materials.”
An aerial view of the Lower Ninth Ward, where Make It Right built its homes.
Photo: Mario Tama via Getty
In fact, Make It Right has already acknowledged the problems with the materials they chose. While they began construction of their houses in 2008, by 2010 construction crews reportedly noticed that the specialty lumber they had selected for its added silicon and supposed ability to resist rot, TimberSIL, was indeed already mildewing. They sued the manufacturer in 2015 for nearly $500,000, which was the alleged cost of replacing the rotting decks on 39 of the 109 houses they had built by that point. The suit was reportedly settled for an undisclosed amount in 2017.
While the suit was underway at the time of his 2015 interview with the Times-Picayune, Pitt did not appear to reference it in the article.
"What we have learned, which was the original premise, is that you do not have to build low-income housing with the cheapest materials that keep families in a poverty trap," he said instead. "Whether that be running up high utility bills or with toxic materials that run up your doctor bills. It doesn't have to be that way."
Austin says he suspects that in those years while Make It Right was apparently not responsive to the persistent phone calls from many residents, they could have been potentially prolonging the possibility of getting sued under the New House Warranty Act.
The act covers “a five-year period where basically the builder, the original person who built it, says your home will be free from any major structural damages or major structural defects, and major structural defects that are due to noncompliance with building standards and noncompliance with good building materials,” says Sally Brown Richardson, an associate professor of property law at Tulane University in New Orleans, speculating that the suit would likely pursue a claim of fraud instead.
Indeed, the suit alleges not only breach of contract but also fraud, unfair trade practices, and intentional and negligent infliction of emotional distress.
Plus, there’s the issue of the nondisclosure agreements, and the documents that Make It Right staffers allegedly requested residents sign that bounded them to arbitration if they had any issues with the home. Austin plans to argue residents were pressured into signing these documents, rendering them null.
“If you’re sitting there and your house is catching on fire because of electrical issues, you’re like, ‘Sure, I’ll sign whatever!’” Austin says. “It’s not a real bargain. You want your work done.”
While everyone whom Architectural Digest spoke with for this story was quick to emphasize their belief in Make It Right’s good intentions and the quality of Pitt’s character, the alleged distribution of NDAs to residents who were in duress remains a distasteful detail.
Seven weeks after the suit was filed, on October 25, the case was moved to federal court.
The request came from three of the defendants, all of whom have served as executives of the foundation, as they argued that the alleged damages would exceed $5 million and thus require federal jurisdiction. On November 20, 2018, Pitt’s lawyers reportedly filed a motion to dismiss claims against Pitt and remove him from the lawsuit, arguing that he can’t be held personally responsible for the buildings’ construction.
The class-action suit has once again shone a spotlight on the Lower Ninth Ward, which has spent the last decade as an attraction for visitors seeking disaster porn. The candy-colored houses from Make It Right stood out among the blight, a tourist site unto themselves. “It’s like, everyone was coming to see them when they first built,” Claiborne says. “Now that they’re falling apart, they’re making the news, everyone's coming to see the situation.”
Though she’s past the age when she planned to retire, Claiborne says she’s unable to stop working now because her family’s finances are stuck in limbo.
“I’m just tired. I don’t know how everybody else feels, but I’m tired. I just want things to get better for us,” she says.
She’s keen to keep fighting, however. “I have to provide for myself, because nobody else will,” she says. “I’m a praying person, but I need to work on things myself. God can only do so much.”
how to spell a word correctly according to the rules of the Russian language
Sometimes there is a difficulty, how to spell a word correctly: “do” or “do”? The rules of the Russian language, advice from teachers and illustrative examples will help you remember, the only option is to “do”
Igor Gerashchenko
Author
Elena Donetskova
professional experience 28 years
Julia Golovina
Russian language teacher
at Tetrika online school
The origin of a word allows us to find out how the rule of its spelling came about.
The word "do" has a long history, because people have always done something, and it had to be said. It can even be assumed that this word reflects all the past, present and future activities of people.
In the ancient European language there was a word "de", meaning "to do, put". In the Old Slavonic language, the word "delati" arose, going back to the ancient Greek counterparts. Among the Slavic peoples, this word took root, but acquired a different sound: Czech "delat", Polish "dzhelach", Slovenian "delati", Ukrainian "dilaty", Bulgarian "dyalam". The letter "c" was added later, as is often the case with prefixes.
The word “to make” has different meanings: the end of the case (“It is said - done ”), the manufacture of something (“The builders were instructed to make a house in good conscience”), matchmaking (“Blessing you here, made yours daughter for her nephew”, obsolete), sale (“Shares made on the stock exchange at a hundred”, obsolete), superiority (“I made with his one hand”, slang).
The rule “to do”
The rule is quite simple: “s” is a prefix, and the prefix “z” does not exist in Russian, so we write only “do”. The problem is that “z” is still heard, which is why it is tempting to write the verb “to do”. But it must be remembered that the prefix "s" is written in all words, regardless of which consonant (voiced or voiceless) the root begins with.
Read also
"Here" or "here": how to spell the word
We often doubt how such a small word is spelled correctly: "here" or "here". Having studied the history of its origin and the rules of the Russian language, why it is necessary to write only "here"
"I never say, 'I need you to do this .' I say: "I'm wondering if you can do this " ”(G. Ford).
"Always do what you're afraid to do do " (R. W. Emerson).
"We will not help people by doing for them what they could do for themselves" (A.
Lincoln).
"Never ask another that you can do yourself" (T. Jefferson).
"What can do laws in politics without morality?” (B. Franklin).
“Is the world bad? Well make better!” (S. P. Mavrodi).
Other prominent personalities use the word “make” in a more varied way:
“Whom heaven has made a slave, no parliamentary vote can make free” (T. Carlyle).
“Whoever claims that money can do everything, it is likely that he himself can do all for the sake of money ”(E. Meyerson).
“The scene needs to be done and then played” (K. S. Stanislavsky).
“To criticize means to prove to the author that he did not do this the way I would have done if I could” (K. Capek).
“I have so much to do that I'd better go to sleep” (R.
Benchley).
Teachers' Councils
Elena Donetskova, senior teacher of the Russian language home school "InternetUrok"; teaching experience 28 years :
- To write this word correctly, you need to understand what the first letter in its composition represents. In this case, it is a prefix, just like in the words "go", "run away". Look: walk - go, run - run away, do - do (that is, complete some action). “I got up early today, I managed to do a lot before dinner.” The prefix "s-" is unchangeable and is always written the same way, but there is no prefix "z-" in Russian. So it is correct to write “to do” and, accordingly, the forms of this word, for example: “I will do”, “do”, “did”.
Such words as “here”, “building”, “health” bring doubts. It must be understood that their first letter “z-” is part of the root and they have nothing to do with the rule by which the word “do” is written.
Yuliya Golovina, Russian language teacher at Tetrika online school :
– Many people often have doubts about the spelling of prefixes. In most cases, such doubts lead to errors. One example of such errors is the spelling of the word "do" with the letter "z" at the beginning. What causes such an error? All Russian prefixes can be divided into two groups: changeable and unchangeable. The following rule applies to variable prefixes (for example, bez- / bes-, nid- / nis-): if they are followed by a deaf consonant, then the letter “s” (helpless) is written, otherwise - “z” (limitless) . This rule confuses us in the word “do”, since after the prefix there is a voiced sound [d]. However, the prefix “s-” is invariant, and its spelling is exactly the same, since the prefix “z-” does not exist: in words such as “building” or “health”, the letter “z” is part of the root.
Read also
“Fight” or “fight”: how to spell the word
Don’t know how to spell the word “fight” or “fight”? Dont be upset.
Carefully study the rules of the Russian language, and experienced experts will tell you how to avoid mistakes.
| Pass test |
prefix “C-”
Binker “Z-”
Word “Make”
| Get result0061 | Find out the result |
It's hard to do everything.
The main thing needs to be done.
I can't do anything at all.
| Further |
| Check |
| . Learn the result |
| Go again |
Don't be upset! You have good prospects for growth.
| Go again |
Don't be upset! You have good prospects for growth.
| Go Again |
Congratulations! You did well on the test.
| Go again |
Congratulations! You did well on the test.
| Go again |
Congratulations! You are a real connoisseur of the Russian language!
| Go Again |
Cover photo: shutterstock.com
What words do you have a lot of trouble writing? Share in the comments:
Comments for the site Cackl e
Measuring windows in a wooden, panel and brick house - How to correctly measure PVC windows
Before manufacturing and installing translucent structures, it is imperative to measure the openings in which they will be installed.
This procedure is carried out even if the installation of windows is planned in a typical residential building or building, since the openings may have a non-standard configuration, and the walls may have different thicknesses. We will find out how to measure correctly so that after installing the window there are no distortions and cracks, the fittings work well. The dimensions must be determined as precisely as possible, since a deviation of even a few millimeters can lead to the following consequences:
- The appearance of gaps that will have to be filled with construction foam or increase slopes.
- Deformation of the PVC profile, the appearance of drafts, disruption of the functioning of fittings and mechanisms.
- Ice and condensation on the windows.
- Decreased aesthetic appearance of the structure.
In case of significant deviations from the required width and height, the frame may not fit into the opening. Then it will be necessary to redesign the design or prepare non-standard solutions to eliminate such a problem.
Basic tips for doing the work yourself
The recommendations of craftsmen who know all the details of measuring and installing window structures will help you get the right result:
- .0 cm.
- Measure both outside and inside to calculate the exact depth.
- If a skew is detected when measuring the niche parameters, then the window parameters must be increased by its value.
- In some buildings, niches have a ledge that is approximately 25% of the size of a brick and is called a “quarter”. In the presence of such a feature, a special measurement method is used.
- To minimize the risk of errors, the measuring work should be carried out two or three times.
If accurate information is available, you can choose the window model, the type of opening mechanism, the color of the frame, the type of double-glazed window, the finishing of the slopes.
The result of the performed measurements should be:
- Correct opening parameters.
- Correct calculations of the dimensions of the window structure.
- Quick and high-quality installation of the frame, window sill, sill, mosquito net.
How to independently make the correct measurement for a plastic window: measurement scheme
For the measurement procedure, you need to prepare a regular or digital tape measure, a telescopic ruler. Depending on the type and architectural features of the building, measurements are carried out according to different schemes.
Rebated
- by 20 mm.
When using a profile, the height of the frame is determined by: the distance between the slopes - 10 mm for the clearance from below - 30 mm for the profile + 20 mm for entering the upper quarter. The height of the window structure should not exceed the distance from the upper slope to the bottom line of the window sill.
Without a quarter
To determine the width of the PVC frame, you need to subtract the installation gap of 20 - 50 mm from the width of the opening, obtained as a result of two or three measurements.
If the vertical elements have a difference, then its value is also taken into account. The frame height is calculated in a similar way - taking into account the mounting clearance and profile.
Window sill and flashing are essential elements of window construction. If it is replaced, then the parameters can be determined by the old elements.
You can measure the width and add 5 - 10 cm to each side. The width of the window sill is determined by the depth of the niche. It should be borne in mind that after installation, the window sill should not cover the heating radiator.
The length of the trough is defined as the width of the niche from the street side, to which 6 - 8 cm is added. In width, it can protrude 3 - 5 cm beyond the outer wall. :
- On the top line.
- Central.
- On the bottom.
The obtained data are compared and the minimum value is selected.
Height
Three locations are measured:
- Right side.
- Middle.
- Left side.
The calculation is made from the smallest value.
How to determine the dimensions of the future opening?
When determining the dimensions of the niche and the size of the window structure, the building material of the walls should be taken into account.
In a wooden house
There are no ledges in the niches of wooden houses, as in brick houses. The frame is mounted flush with the wall, which eliminates the need for additional finishing of slopes from the side of the street.
Width and height are measured at three points, the smallest indicator is selected, for each parameter 50 mm are added for sealing with mounting foam. If a box is installed in the house, then measurements are taken inside it.
In a brick house
In some brick buildings, the parameters of the mounting niche may differ from the standards. Therefore, the definition of parameters has the following features:
- The depth of the protrusion can be up to 10 cm, so the window should be calculated so that it is hidden behind the quarter by no more than 3 cm.
- Measurements are made inside and outside, in height and width in three places.
- Add 25 - 30 mm to the values obtained per installation gap.
Quality rating
Windows price
Quality
Installation Price
Quality
Materials Price
Quality
Profiles
dealers
Turkey, Germany
Resellers
Germany
Smart windows
Germany
Private masters
Turkey, China
MEGABRANI
Germany
Quality control
You can be sure of the correct packaging and perfect appearance of the products.
European technologies
During installation, we use special membrane tapes that improve the properties of your windows.
Free measurement
A smart engineer will arrive at a convenient time for you and help with all your questions.
Guarantee up to 10 years
You get a guarantee up to 10 years for products and all types of installation work.
Copyright © · The Wright Initiative · Articles · Site Map
