To slow something down

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[ sloh-doun ]

/ ˈsloʊˌdaʊn /

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See synonyms for slowdown on Thesaurus.com

This shows grade level based on the word's complexity.

noun

a slowing down or delay in progress, action, etc.

a deliberate slowing of pace by workers to win demands from their employers.

Sports. a holding or passing tactic by a team to retain possession of the ball, puck, etc., or use up a maximal amount of time, as to safeguard a lead or thwart a high-scoring opponent.

OTHER WORDS FOR slowdown

1 slackening, falloff, decline, flagging.

See synonyms for slowdown on Thesaurus.com

QUIZ

SHALL WE PLAY A "SHALL" VS. "SHOULD" CHALLENGE?

Should you take this quiz on “shall” versus “should”? It should prove to be a quick challenge!

Question 1 of 6

Which form is commonly used with other verbs to express intention?

Origin of slowdown

First recorded in 1895–1900; noun use of verb phrase slow down

Words nearby slowdown

slow burn, Slow but steady wins the race, slow but sure, slowcoach, slow cooker, slowdown, slow fire, slow food, slow-footed, slow gait, slow handclap

Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2022

Words related to slowdown

deceleration, decline, delay, downtrend, downturn, drop, drop-off, falloff, slackening, stagnation, strike, arrest, freeze, inactivity, retardation, slack, stoppage, slow-up

How to use slowdown in a sentence

• Nor were they driven by anger related to the civil rights abuses facing communities of color or the delayed stimulus payments to address the economic slowdown.

  The Latest Weapon Against Fake News? Video Games|Charu Kasturi|January 27, 2021|Ozy

• The county opened up vaccinations to residents 75 and older Monday, citing a recent slowdown in appointments.

  Morning Report: CVPD Chief Didn’t Know Department Shared Info With Feds|Voice of San Diego|January 20, 2021|Voice of San Diego

• The result is a mix of slowdowns in getting vaccines out and discarded doses as people don’t meet narrow guidelines.

  America’s Covid-19 vaccine rollout is way too complicated|German Lopez|January 15, 2021|Vox

• If the pandemic were to go on for the second part of 2021, which I think nobody believes will be the case, you might have some impact because of administrative slowdowns and other things.

  5G will get better this year, promises Verizon exec|Aaron Pressman|January 7, 2021|Fortune

• Illumina in 2019 noted a slowdown in demand for consumer DNA test kits.

  DNA Testing Is Unearthing Local Fertility Fraud Cases|Jared Whitlock|January 5, 2021|Voice of San Diego

• Their immediate response tells an important truth about a police slowdown that has spread throughout New York City in recent days.

  Shot Down During the NYPD Slowdown|Michael Daly|January 7, 2015|DAILY BEAST

• Residents of the neighborhoods where cops are needed the most are mixed on the impact of the apparent slowdown.

  Ground Zero of the NYPD Slowdown|Batya Ungar-Sargon|January 1, 2015|DAILY BEAST

• CDC Director Thomas Frieden is also seen in the ad deploring the slowdown in funds.

  How to Politicize Ebola: Blame It on Obama—or the GOP|Eleanor Clift|October 14, 2014|DAILY BEAST

• While states have the right to set their own judicial penalties, there has been no capital punishment slowdown at a federal level.

  Florida Drags Down U.S. on Amnesty International’s Global Death Penalty Report|Nico Hines|March 27, 2014|DAILY BEAST

• Keynesians have insisted that the slower economy should explain much of the recent slowdown in job gains.

  Robotic Technologies Could Aggravate the U.S. Problem of Slow Jobs Growth|Robert Shapiro|July 19, 2013|DAILY BEAST

British Dictionary definitions for slowdown

slowdown

/ (ˈsləʊˌdaʊn) /

noun

the usual US and Canadian word for go-slow

any slackening of pace

Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

Other Idioms and Phrases with slowdown

slow down

Delay, retard, reduce speed, as in She slowed down the sled by dragging her foot, or Slow down, Bill; you're driving much too fast. [First half of 1800s] Also see slow up.

Become less active or vigorous, as in Now that I'm in my seventies I find I've slowed down quite a bit. [Second half of 1800s]

The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

How to slow down time and stop worrying about it going fast

• Claudia Hammond
• BBC Future

December 28, 2019

Image copyright, Getty Images

Another year has gone by. .. The older we get, the faster it seems to us that days, weeks, months pass by. If only time could be slowed down! we often think. But, as Claudia Hammond, author of Twisted Time, explains, our problems with slipping minutes stem from the fact that we don't understand the essence of time. What can be done about it?

For most of us, time is something linear, absolute and always leaking - but is it true? And how can we change our understanding of time so that we no longer worry about how quickly it passes?

"Time" is the most commonly used noun in the English language. We all know that feeling - "time is running out." Our present immediately turns into the past, "today" quickly becomes "yesterday".

If you live in an area with a changeable climate, then every year you have season after season in front of you. As we grow up and become adults, the years speed up and begin to flash by one by one.

Although neuroscientists have not yet been able to find a built-in clock in the human brain responsible for keeping track of the passage of time, people are surprisingly well aware of it.

If someone tells us that he will come in five minutes, we have a rough idea of ​​when to expect him. We have a sense of the week or the month. And as a result, most of us can say that the functions of time are quite obvious: it is constantly moving at a measurable pace, and the direction is also clear - from the future to the past.

• Without memory. People lost in time
• How other people rewrite your memories
• Cognitive distortions that lead to catastrophes - both personal and global
• False memories that cannot be distinguished from real ones

Of course, a person's sense of time can depend not only from biology, but also from cultural traditions and the age in which we live.

For example, in the language of the Amazonian tribe Amondava there is no word "time" at all. They do not, as some scientists believe, have a concept of time within which some events occur.

Meanwhile, it is difficult for us to say exactly how time was perceived in the distant past, since research on this began only 150 years ago.

We know that Aristotle viewed the present as something constantly changing. Around 160 AD. Roman emperor and philosopher Marcus Aurelius described time as a river of passing events. And today, at least in the West, many still use these ideas.

However, physicists tell us a different story. Even though time is something that seems to us to be flowing in one direction, some scientists do not agree with this.

Image copyright, Getty Images

If our memories were like an archive of videotapes, it would be very difficult for us to imagine the future

In the last century, Albert Einstein's discoveries exploded mankind's understanding of time. He demonstrated that time is created by things, it doesn't wait out there for things to start happening within it.

Einstein showed that time is relative, it flows more slowly for fast moving objects. Events don't happen in a routine. There is no single universal "now" common to all - in the sense in which it was understood in Newtonian physics.

Yes, it's true - many events that take place in the universe can be put in a certain sequential order, but time is not always sorted into past, present and future. Some equations of physics work in either direction.

Several physicists, among them popular author Carlo Rovelli, go even further, assuming that time is never running out. It simply does not exist, it is an illusion.

Of course, scientists may believe that time does not exist, but we know from our own experience: the sense of time, the perception of time is characteristic of every person. The evidence of physicists contradicts how we perceive life, its course.

Yes, our concept of the future or the past may not apply to everything that happens throughout the universe, but it reflects the realities of our life on planet Earth.

However, like Newton's idea of ​​absolute time, our human concept of time can be wrong. There is a more reasonable approach to it.

A deceptive past

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One aspect of time perception that most of us have in common is how we think about our past as a giant video archive that we can turn to to remember certain things. the events of our lives.

But psychologists have already shown that autobiographical memory does not work like that at all. Most of us forget much more than we remember, sometimes completely forgetting the events that happened, despite the fact that our friends or relatives insist that it happened to us. Sometimes even reminders of specific episodes of the past do not help.

We store memories in a way that makes sense of what happened. And each time we refer to them, we reconstruct the events so that they do not contradict the new information that we have.

Convincing a person that something happened to him in the past that he does not remember now is much easier than we think.

Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus has been researching this phenomenon for decades, convincing people that they remember kissing a giant green frog. Or once you met a rabbit Bugs Bunny (a cartoon character from Warner Bros studio) at Disneyland.

Image copyright Javier Hirschfeld/ Getty Images

People can be made to remember things that have never happened to them

Here's another mistake: we think that imagining the future is a different process than reflections on the past. In fact, both processes are interrelated.

We call on the same parts of the brain to help us remember and imagine what might happen to us in the future.

It is the possession of memories that allows us to construct the future by shuffling the scenes of what has already happened to us on the screen of our mind. This skill allows us to make plans and test different possibilities and hypotheses before we start putting plans into action.

All this is the result of how our brain perceives time. The infant, with almost no autobiographical memories, lives exclusively in the present. He is pleased. He is crying. He is hungry. He feels bad. The baby experiences all this, but does not think about how cold he was a month ago and does not worry that the temperature in the room will drop again.

Gradually, the baby begins to develop a sense of himself. Along with this comes an understanding of time, the ability to distinguish yesterday from tomorrow.

Even at this age, however, it is a very difficult task to imagine yourself in the future. Psychologist Janey Busby Grant has found that if you ask three-year-olds what they will do tomorrow, only a third of them will give an answer that can be regarded as acceptable, plausible.

When psychologist Christina Etans gave small children salted bagels and then left them to choose whether they wanted the same bagels or water. It is not surprising that after salt they were thirsty and most chose water.

However, when she asked what they would like tomorrow, most chose water again. (The adults chose the bagels because they knew they would be hungry tomorrow.)

Young children are unable to imagine themselves in the future, where they will feel differently than they do now.

The experience of the past tense is actively created in our brain. To construct the perception of time, various factors are important - memory, concentration, emotions, the feeling of a particular place.

Our idea of ​​time is rooted in our mental reality. Time is at the heart of not only how we organize our lives, but also how we experience it.

Of course, you can say that it doesn't matter at all whether we perceive time correctly, according to the laws of physics. We don't have to remember that the Earth is a ball all the time when we walk on a flat surface.

We can say that the sun rises in the morning and sets in the evening, although we know perfectly well that it is the Earth that revolves around the Sun, and not vice versa.

Our ideas about the world do not try to match the scientific ones - we are able to perceive the world around us using only those senses that we have.

Image copyright Javier Hirschfeld / Getty Images

If someone asks you to imagine that you are floating to work on an air mattress, most will do it without problems

Similarly, our idea of ​​time is not something we can choose to ignore. No matter how much we know about four-dimensional space-time from the theory of relativity, waiting for a late train will seem to us longer than breakfast with a friend.

But even if we can't change our ideas about time, we can change how we think about it. And maybe we'll feel better watching it pass.

It's time for a change

Instead of thinking of the past, present and future as a straight line, we can look at our memories as a source for thinking about the future.

This is very important. The human ability to travel through time in the imagination is the reason why we can do many things that distinguish humans from animals: plan the future or create works of art.

This important role of our memory is not a new idea: for example, Aristotle spoke of memories not as archives of our lives, but as tools for imagining the future.

And it turns out that our inability to accurately remember the events of the past is not a disadvantage, but an advantage. If memories were as permanent as a video recorded on tape, it would be difficult to imagine a new situation.

If I ask you to imagine arriving at work next Tuesday not in your usual way, but on an air mattress through a canal of turquoise water, along the banks of which tropical flowers grow, and your childhood friends greet you with a cocktail, you easily imagine it (with the exception of people with persistent autobiographical memory impairments).

Your memory is so flexible that you instantly form a picture from personal memories of what it is like to lie on an air mattress and float on it, about the faces of school friends, about what tropical plants and cocktails look like.

Not only do you resurrect events that may have happened to you decades ago, you also put them together and easily create a completely new picture that you have never heard of before.

image copyrightJavier Hirschfeld/Getty Images

We say the sun rises and sets, even though we know it's our planet that revolves around the Sun

So we shouldn't blame our memory for failing us. It should be like this - so that we can put together pictures of the future from millions of fragments of memories, model what has not happened to us yet.

Indeed, when our memory of the past is impaired, our ability to imagine the future is also impaired. People with amnesia can't imagine something if they don't remember anything even roughly similar.

Do we want to slow down time?

After I wrote a book about our perception of time, the most common question I get asked is how to slow it down, time, running?

But I think we should think before wishing for it. In middle age, it begins to seem to us that weeks, months and years fly by quickly and imperceptibly. But in many ways, our sense of passing time is created by the number of new memories.

When you think about a vacation full of impressions, it seems to you that you were away from home for a very long time, even if the vacation flew by quickly. This is because you have accumulated a lot of new memories by spending a week outside of your usual routine. If it seems to you that life flies by quickly, it is because it is full of events.

But when you are bored, lonely or depressed, minutes, hours and days go by slowly. Do we want such a slowdown in time? As he wrote in 105 AD. Pliny the Younger, "the happier the time, the shorter it is."

Image copyright Javier Hirschfeld/ Getty Images

"The happier the time, the shorter it is", wrote the ancient Roman politician and writer Pliny the Younger in 105

But if you want to get rid of this unsettling feeling that visits you on a Sunday evening ("the weekend flew by again"), here's what you can do: look for new experiences, visit new places on Saturday and Sunday, do something different instead of going back to the same pub or to the movies.

If you are interested and have fun, time will fly by, but on Monday morning the past weekend will seem long because of the many memories of new experiences.

Of course, routine cannot be avoided. But if you manage to establish a life full of events and impressions, the years you have lived will then seem long to you. Feel the difference - change at least the usual way to work. The more memories in everyday life, the longer this life will seem to you later.

Of course, the way time flows strangely, how it curves, how it slows down or flies like an arrow, will always surprise or upset us. Nothing to do about. Blessed Augustine said well about this: "What is Time? When I am asked about it, I know what it is about. But as soon as I begin to explain, I do not know what to say."

---

Claudia Hammond is the author of Twisted Time: Uncovering the Secrets of Time Perception.

You can read the original of this article in English on site BBC Future .

Is it possible to slow down or increase the metabolic rate and how to do it?

The faster the exchange substances, the more actively chemical reactions take place in the body, and fat burning. And vice versa: a slow metabolism is one of the main reasons why which getting rid of excess fat is difficult. So one eats everything in a row and do not get fat, while others are forced to constantly count calories so as not to get better.

Let's try to figure out whether it is possible to influence the metabolic rate without harm to health.

Factors on which the metabolic rate depends

Static and dynamic factors influence metabolism:

Here is the answer to the question of how to influence metabolism. You cannot change age or body type. But you are able to create conditions for accelerating or slowing down metabolism by correctly adjusting the factors from the right column.

How to speed up your metabolism

Go to the sauna more often. Warming up accelerates metabolic processes and blood circulation, which improves the functioning of all body systems. In addition, sweating is activated in the heat, and toxins and excess fluid are removed with sweat.

Attention! If there is no bath, a contrast shower will help out. It improves the tone of the skin, muscles and blood vessels, accelerates blood circulation, strengthens the immune system.

Eat more often. When the body goes without calories for a long time, it turns on the energy-saving mode and slows down the metabolism so that there is enough fuel for a long time. Snack every 2-3 hours and choose protein-rich foods. A lot of energy is spent on the assimilation of protein, which the body takes from fat reserves.

Regular water also stimulates metabolic processes, while it contains 0 kcal. If pure water doesn't appeal to you, drink cold-brewed green tea. Cold brewing is when you pour chilled boiled water over the leaves, leave for 4-6 hours and get a calorie-free caffeine-rich drink. Caffeine, by the way, also has a positive effect on metabolism.

Fiber (dietary fiber) does not provide energy because the human body cannot break it down. However, when it enters, the digestive system begins to work hard, trying to digest the indigestible - as a result, calories are burned.

Go in for sports. Even at rest, muscles consume more energy than fat. 1 kg of muscle tissue burns 14 kcal per day, 1 kg of adipose tissue burns 7 times less. Build muscle and you will boost your metabolism.

Do interval and strength training. Intervals speed up metabolism and therefore burn calories during exercise and maintain a high metabolic rate for 8 hours after exercise. Power ones are even more useful: their inertia is enough for 39 hours.

Attention! Keep in mind: boosting your metabolism by running or swimming is half the battle. You also need to find the strength not to pounce on food immediately after a workout, because against the background of an accelerated metabolism, a brutal appetite inevitably appears. If you succumb to the feeling of hunger, fat will grow along with the muscles.

How to slow down your metabolism

There are many people in the world who need to constantly keep their metabolism high in order to stay in shape. But there are those who, on the contrary, need to slow down metabolic reactions. Otherwise, they cannot gain mass.

Tame metabolism is not easy. Usually, metabolism is slowed down in ways that are directly opposite to those used to speed it up:

• Less sports, less activity.
• Emphasis on high-calorie carbohydrate foods with a minimum of protein.

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