Monkeys that fly
Saint Louis Zoo | White-faced Saki
Pithecia pithecia
Did you know?
- White-faced sakis are a part of the Pitheciidae family, which they share with titis, uakaris, and other saki monkeys.
- They are also known as flying monkeys and pale-headed saki monkeys.
- They live in forests in northern South America.
- Thanks to their sturdy canine teeth, white-faced saki monkeys can easily crack open the hard shells of nuts and seeds – even brazil nuts.
- A female gives birth to one baby at a time.
Adaptations
White-faced saki are dramatic when they feel threatened. They fluff up and vigorously shake their body hair, then stomp their feet in an arched-back posture. They also are a vocal species, and duets between a male and a female help mark territory and strengthen their social bond. Due to their sturdy canine teeth, saki monkeys can easily crack open the hard shells of nuts and seeds—even Brazil nuts!
Young and Family
White-faced sakis live in small family groups. After an average 146-day pregnancy, females give birth to one brown infant. At two months, young males begin changing color from brown to black with white faces. Females remain brown into adulthood.
Threat Level
- Unknown
- Common
- Near Threatened
- Threatened
- Endangered
- Critically Endangered
- Extinct in the Wild
Common
The White-faced Saki is widespread and abundant.
Range
Northern South America
Habitat
Forests
We care about white-faced sakis
The Saint Louis Zoo participates in the Association of Zoos and Aquariums' Species Survival Program for white-faced sakis. We support a group in the Primate House and Primate Canopy Trails at the Zoo. Learn more about our conservation efforts.
Dedicated to Conservation
Find this animal in Historic Hill
SAINT LOUIS ZOO ZONE
Historic Hill
Historic Hill is a lovely stroll through one of the oldest parts of the Saint Louis Zoo. From the 1904 World’s Fair Flight Cage to the Spanish architectural flavor of the 1920s in the Bird House, Primate House and Herpetarium to the finishing touches of our thoroughly modern exhibits, this area of the Zoo has a unique ambiance and a nostalgic history that make it a great destination.
Explore Historic Hill
Historic Hill is a lovely stroll through one of the oldest parts of the Saint Louis Zoo.
From the 1904 World’s Fair Flight Cage to the Spanish architectural flavor of the 1920s in the Bird House, Primate House and Herpetarium to the finishing touches of our thoroughly modern exhibits, this area of the Zoo has a unique ambiance and a nostalgic history that make it a great destination.
Narcissists and Their Flying Monkeys
Medically reviewed by Scientific Advisory Board — By Christine Hammond, MS, LMHC on July 4, 2019
Art imitates life and so it is with Flying Monkeys. The term was coined from the movie The Wizard of Oz in which the Wicked Witch dispatches monkeys to fly and get Dorothy and her dog. The monkeys obey her command, doing her dirty work for her, taunting and terrorizing Dorothy as she tries in vain to get back home. And so it is with narcissists and their flying monkeys.
As if a magical spell has taken over, the bond between the narcissist and their flying monkeys is one of unwavering loyalty even in the face of danger. When the narcissist wants to evoke some punishment on a target they dispatch their henchmen (aka flying monkeys) to do their bidding.
Unfortunately, this can and often does include abusive behavior such as guilt-tripping, twisting the truth, gaslighting, assaults, threats, and violence. This keeps them out of harms way and able to claim innocence if caught.
To be sure, not just narcissists are capable of conjuring up a group of flying monkeys. Sociopaths and psychopaths are even more talented at the task. The difference is that a narcissist remains true to their selfish pursuits continually. Whereas a sociopath and psychopath willingly abandon their selfishness to gain a deeper level of commitment by subjecting themselves to the target. The sociopath is usually in it for the short term gain whereas the psychopath may take a lifetime, if ever, to reveal their true selves.
But who are these flying monkeys and why do they willingly submit to such a character? This happens all the time. Think of a bully political leader and not too far off in the distance is their chief of staff, media director, and personal assistant all lined up to do whatever is asked.
Or how about sports, publicity, and financial managers of an influential athlete. Then there is the C-suite all standing guard to protect and insulate the corporate narcissistic President or CEO.
What makes them do this? Ironically, many of them also have a disorder that the narcissist preys upon to meet their own needs. Here are some examples in order of their long-term unwavering commitment.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder. It may seem strange to start off this list with other narcissists. But here is what it looks like. A narcissist will submit to another one so long as there is a benefit such as power, influence, money, prestige, or the hope of overtaking the other narcissist in the future. However, as soon as the stream of benefits is cut off, the narcissist abandons their idol and replaces it with themselves.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder. By nature, this disorder has a continual stream of anxiety which on the surface doesnt seem like a good fit for the narcissist.
But again, it is. The arrogant confidence with which the narcissist continually projects is attractive to the overly anxious person who cant seem to rest or relax. They are drawn to narcissists like flies to flypaper and stick just as well. However, when the anxiety diminishes, they wake-up from the spell and try to fly free.
Co-dependents. Narcissists and co-dependents are a match made in h@$#. Their mutual dysfunction is fed in an unhealthy manner. Narcissists need constant tending to and daily feedings of attention to soothe their hidden insecurities. Co-dependents naturally like to serve and rescue others as a way of gaining satisfaction and purpose. However, when the people-pleasing co-dependent heals from their unhealthy patterns, the narcissist feels abandoned and exits.
Addicts. When the narcissist is the enabler, the addict will do or say anything to stay in their good graces. Ultimately, they make the perfect companion because all they need is a fix which is easily supplied by the narcissist.
Intuitively, the narcissist understands this because they too need a daily attention fix. The problem comes in what the addict goes too far and needs too much from the narcissist who is repulsed by needy people (except for themselves of course). Usually, this relationship ends when the addict becomes clean or the narcissists cut them off.
Dependent Personality Disorder. This is one of the hardest bonds to break because within the definition of Dependent Personality Disorder is a person who is wholly dependent on another. Not co-dependent, just dependent. Think of it as the difference between a person who likes their house to be in order, the co-dependent, verse someone who has to clean the whole house daily with bleach, the dependent. It is a much stronger attachment. The dependent wont make any decisions, including small ones, without the narcissist which feeds the narcissistic Im superior complex. Sadly, I have never seen a dependent leave their narcissist. Even after divorce or death, there is still a strange you will always be mine attachment.
The dependent continually glorifies the narcissist even in the face of atrocities.
Sociopaths. Sociopaths are last on this list because they like to hide their evil deeds behind the narcissistic shadow. It is not because they are committed to the narcissist for altruistic values, they dont have those, rather, it is because the narcissistic persona sucks the oxygen out of the air so an attack by a sociopath rarely goes noticed. The narcissist thinks they are leading the sociopath, and they let them think that. But actually, the sociopath is the puppet master of the narcissist who plays on their hidden vulnerabilities and insecurities. For that reason, the sociopath doesnt leave because the narcissist is their cover whom they will throw under the bus given the right chance and circumstance.
The next time you watch a movie about a narcissist, and there is so many out there now, look for the flying monkeys. Once you see them in art, they are easier to spot in real life.
Amazing abilities of monkeys
They can do a lot, more than we think. What?
The intelligence coefficient of the most intelligent monkey is equal to the human norm - from 75 to 95. And what have you achieved? Talk, joke, solve mathematical problems, understand words, deceive, be sad, swear, love, fry fish? Monkeys can do this too.
By the way, December 14 is Monkey Day. The holiday is unofficial yet, but it is quite international. Started as a student joke in 2000, and is now celebrated around the world by zoos, animal societies, and just about anyone in the know. nine0003
Understand your mine
Photo: Shutterstock.com
At least rhesus monkeys. Scientists have found that they are able to solve examples. True, very simple - like 1 + 1. But the most intelligent are, of course, great apes. First of all, gorillas and chimpanzees (our closest animal relatives). And not just smart. And smart and smart. Geeks of the monkey world.
They are able not only to understand human speech (with appropriate training, of course), but also to "speak" themselves.
In quotation marks - because monkeys cannot speak like we do: their language is not so suspended. In the literal sense of the word. The speech apparatus of our relatives is arranged differently. And although reports of talking monkeys periodically flash in the press (they can really imitate human speech), they will not utter full-fledged words. Although everyone understands. But they can reproduce speech using deaf-mute gestures or by lexigrams (a specially designed sign system of words). The average chimpanzee can remember about 500 words. Geniuses (and they are among the monkeys) - until 2000.
"You dirty bad toilet!"
Photo: AFP/EAST NEWS
So once said a gorilla named Koko, the object of research by scientists at Stanford University (USA), a popular favorite and a YouTube star. The reason for Koko's anger was her partner, a gorilla named Michael, who tore off a leg from her beloved rag doll. Insult to Michael, containing four words, Coco uttered in the language of the deaf and dumb.
Typically, gorillas and chimpanzees operate in very simple one- or two-word sentences: “Give” or “Give banana.” Or “Give me a green banana” (if he wants, for example, a cucumber - by the way, this means that monkeys are able to compare and reason logically). But Coco is a genius. Was a genius. Sadly, she passed away in 2018 at 46, which is quite a long time. nine0003
She also liked humor. Once she called herself a "good bird", saying that she could fly. Then, however, she “said” that she was joking. Flat? But above the waist.
Koko was able to think abstractly. She knew what “boredom” and “imagination” were. Seeing one day a horse with a bit in its mouth, she declared: “The horse is sad,” pointing to her teeth. When Koko was ill, she could express the strength of that "bad" on a scale.
And when she was shown a photograph of a monkey being taken to the bath, she said: "I'm there to cry." Coco did not like to bathe. As do many children. Despite her considerable age, she could be called a child of three to five years. On average, monkeys reach the level of development of a two-three-year-old human child. nine0003
Einstein, Pushkin and the bonobos Kanzi
Photo: Courtesy Everett Collection/EAST NEWS
This is the name of another simian genius, the pygmy chimpanzee (bonobo). Kanzi communicates using lexigrams, and after watching a video of a gorilla, Koko learned a thing or two from American Sign Language. Like many smart monkeys, he tries to mimic our articulation in order to literally speak with a human voice. Alas, the monkey structure of the larynx and ligaments interferes with him. He is not a parrot. Therefore, Kanzi will not speak. nine0003
But his descendants, if taught, can very well.
Through millions of years. Speech, according to scientists, is generally the only thing that distinguishes us from them - in everything else we are more similar than is commonly thought.
You can teach a hare to smoke
Photo: Pavlov Institute of Physiology archive
Chimpanzee Rafael and Rosa. Koltushi
A monkey - to cook, wash, clean, wash dishes, eat with a fork and spoon, sleep on the bed. What else? Yes, almost everything we can do. And they love the same. For example, boiled food is preferred raw. At a nursery in the Congo, scientists handed out slices of raw and boiled potatoes to chimpanzees. Almost everyone chose boiled. And raw ... cooked. When they were given special devices to do it without fire, and showed the technology of the process. nine0003
Any gorilla or chimpanzee can do all this. Not only Einsteins from the monkey world. Take, for example, the famous Rosa and Rafael, chimpanzees studied in the middle of the last century in the Koltush anthropoid field near St.
Petersburg. These two have become a real family. Rosa, no worse than a real hostess, opened the buffet with a key (the latter, however, she stole from the watchman's pocket) and got to all sorts of goodies, Raphael built pyramids of cubes to get to the fruits lying on the top shelf. This couple dined with cutlery, and slept on ordinary human beds. True, sometimes the monkeys did not put their heads on the pillow, but their legs. And, throwing the fork, they began to grab food with their hands. Out of habit. nine0003
The two monkeys also loved each other. As well as their successors - chimpanzees Gina and Charlie (modern inhabitants of the anthropoid). When Charlie died, Gina was given a rubber cheburashka. The monkey did not part with him for a year. Drag in the groin and armpits. And I was sad for a long time.
Once again about love
Photo: Shutterstock.com
Monkeys are terribly jealous. Especially common chimpanzees (not pygmy). A clear hierarchy reigns in their flock, so everyone has their own place here.
But if the monkey has already become attached to you, this is forever. And if a monkey has not been taught to love and care, it will not. Cubs who lost their parents early usually abandon their children themselves. Everything is like people. nine0003
Monkey girls play with dolls (even in wildlife, where they find sticks and pieces of wood for this purpose and can "make" them themselves - from improvised means: leaves, grass, bark), and the boys gut these dolls (remember the gorillas Michael and Coco). By the way, about manufacturing. Monkeys are able to make tools (as, indeed, some other animals - New Caledonian crows, for example). Very simple, but still. But it was labor, as we remember, that made an unhappy person out of a happy monkey. nine0003
What our gestures really mean
Seven proofs of evolution
What animal emotions teach us
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MONKEY CATALOG
Saimiri, or squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
They belong to the broad-nosed monkeys, or monkeys of the New World, that is, Central and South America.
They live in Brazil, Peru, Panama, Colombia. nine0003
Small monkeys, 25-35 cm long, tail longer than body. Weight of an adult male 0.5-1.2 kg,
females 0.3-0.7 kg. They feed mainly on plant foods, fruits, nuts, berries, as well as insects and small animals.
Capuchins (Cebus spp.)
They belong to the broad-nosed monkeys. They live in a fairly large area of South America, from Honduras to southern Brazil.
Body length 32-57 cm, tail about the same length, prehensile. The sizes of males and females are about the same. Powerful fangs in both males and females. nine0146 Predominantly dark, coloration with different arrangement of light markings in different species. They feed on fruits, berries, young shoots, insects, bird eggs, and small vertebrates. Well trained, often "play" in feature films.
Patas, red monkey (Erythrocebus patas)
They belong to the broad-nosed monkeys, or monkeys of the New World, that is, Central and South America.
They live in Brazil, Peru, Panama, Colombia.
Small monkeys, 25-35 cm long, tail longer than body. The mass of an adult male is 0.5-1.2 kg,
females 0.3-0.7 kg. They feed mainly on plant foods, fruits, nuts, berries, as well as insects and small animals.
Green monkey (vervet, grivet) (Chlorocebus spp.)
Widely distributed in Africa from the southern border of the Sahara to the south of the continent.
Small monkeys, 32-52 cm long, tail longer than body (up to 1 meter). The mass of an adult male is 5 kg, females 3-3.5 kg. The face is dark, the coat is olive, greenish.
They feed on fruits, cereals, berries, young shoots, twigs (with bark), insects, bird eggs, small vertebrates. nine0003
Blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis)
Live in Africa - in Ethiopia, Zaire, Angola and further south.
Small monkeys, 32-52 cm long, the tail is longer than the body. The mass of an adult male is 4.
5 kg, females 3-3.5 kg. The general tone of the coat is bluish-gray, “blue”, on the crown there is a black “cap”. They live in evergreen, moist forests with bamboo undergrowth.
Prefer to have water close by. They feed on fruits, cereals, berries, young shoots, branches (together with the bark), insects, bird eggs, and small vertebrates. nine0146
Mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona)
They live in Africa - in Ghana, Cameroon.
Small monkeys, body length 32-52 cm, tail longer than body. The mass of an adult male is 4.5 kg, females 3-3.5 kg. They live in evergreen, humid mangrove (riverine) forests.
They feed on fruits, cereals, berries, young shoots, branches (together with the bark), insects, bird eggs, and small vertebrates.
Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas)
Live in Africa - in Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan. They feed mainly on plant foods, rarely on insects. In search of food, they make many kilometers of daily crossings.
In the evening they return to the "sleeping rocks" for the night. nine0003
Large monkeys, body length 85 cm, slightly smaller tail. The front part of the head is characteristically elongated, for which the baboons were called "dog-headed".
The weight of an adult male is 20 kg and more, the weight of an adult female is 9-16 kg, sexual dimorphism in body size and coloration is strongly pronounced.
The coat of males is ash-gray, in mature males a lush silvery mantle grows on the head, shoulders and back, females are brownish-gray, without a mantle. Tail with a brush at the end. The face is bright. Males have large fangs. nine0003
The social structure is characterized by 4 levels of organization. The largest level of organization is the herd, which is a collection of animals on sleeping rocks. The number of individuals in the herd can vary from 300 to 1000 animals. During the daytime, the herds break up into "bands" and clans, which in turn consist of single-male units or harems.
Hamadryla baboons are characterized by patrilocality and a pronounced hierarchy of relationships. For communication, up to 40 sound signals are used, as well as expressive glances, facial grimaces and gestures. nine0003
Anubis baboon (Papio anubis)
They live in the vast territory of Africa on both sides of the equator, much wider than the hamadryas. The largest of the lower monkeys: body length (without tail) reaches 1 meter. Tail 50-80 cm, with a brush. The mass of an adult male is up to 35 kg, females are much smaller, 18-22 kg. The coat is dark brown, with a greenish tinge. The mantle of males is dark, it may not be there at all. The face is dark.
Males have large tusks that are comparable to those of a leopard. nine0003
Omnivorous animals, in addition to plant foods, catch not only insects and small animals, but also hares, baby gazelles and even green monkeys.
Magot Macaque (Macaca sylvanus)
They live in northern Africa, there is also a colony in Gibraltar.
Magots are the only monkey species found in Europe and the only macaque species found in Africa.
Rather large monkeys. Body length 75 cm, no tail. The mass of an adult male is 6-8.5 kg, females 5-6 kg. The coat is reddish-olive, beige, sandy in color. They live in cedar, oak and mixed forests. They eat plant foods, include insects, bird eggs in the diet. Seasonal nutrition - in winter, almost the entire diet consists of needles, cedar cones. nine0003
Pig-tailed macaque, or lapunder (Macaca nemestrina)
Live in Asia - Indonesia, Sumatra, Thailand, Burma (Myanmar), Kalimantan, Philippines.
Large monkeys. The body length is more than 65 cm, the tail is short, thin, sometimes hooked - hence the name. The mass of an adult male is 6-15 kg, females 5-11 kg. The coat is light brown or gray, blue eyelids, light pubescence around the face. The length of the canine in the male is about 12 mm.
They live in forests and feed on leaves, young shoots, plant buds, fungi, cereals, fruits, vegetables, insects and small animals.
They emit up to 30 different sound signals. nine0003
Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
They live almost throughout Asia: Afghanistan, China, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Laos. According to some reports, rhesus monkeys are the second most common species of primates, after humans. Rhesus macaques live in close proximity to humans, willingly occupying the territory developed by humans, including the outskirts of cities and villages.
Monkeys of medium size, body length 40-60 cm, short tail, about half the body length, rather fluffy. nine0003
Weight of adult male 6-14 kg, female 4-10 kg. The coat is gray with a reddish or yellowish tint, red on the back half of the body. The face is bright. The length of the canine in the male is about 9 mm, in the female 6 mm. They feed mainly on plant foods - leaves, young shoots, cereals, fruits, vegetables; in habitats, about 92 plant species are included in the rhesus diet. Willingly eat worms and insects, sometimes small animals.
They are not afraid of water, they can swim.
They form rather large groups and are characterized by pronounced matrilocality, according to which the cubs of the female remain in the natal groups, and the males usually leave them at puberty. nine0003
There is a breeding season, the peak of the mating season and the birth season varies depending on the area. After pregnancy with an average duration of 166 days, one cub is born, the duration of milk feeding of which is at least 8-10 months.
Up to 40% of monkey research worldwide is done in rhesus monkeys.
Javanese macaque, or crabeater (Macaca fascicularis)
They live almost throughout Asia: Afghanistan, China, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Laos. According to some reports, rhesus monkeys are the second most common species of primates, after humans. Rhesus macaques live in close proximity to humans, willingly occupying the territory developed by humans, including the outskirts of cities and villages.
nine0003
Monkeys of medium size, body length 40-60 cm, short tail, about half the body length, rather fluffy.
Weight of adult male 6-14 kg, female 4-10 kg. The coat is gray with a reddish or yellowish tint, red on the back half of the body. The face is bright. The length of the canine in the male is about 9 mm, in the female 6 mm. They feed mainly on plant foods - leaves, young shoots, cereals, fruits, vegetables; in habitats, about 92 plant species are included in the rhesus diet. Willingly eat worms and insects, sometimes small animals. They are not afraid of water, they can swim. nine0003
They form rather large groups and are characterized by pronounced matrilocality, according to which the cubs of the female remain in natal groups, and males usually leave them at puberty.
There is a breeding season, the peak of the mating season and the birth season varies depending on the area. After pregnancy with an average duration of 166 days, one cub is born, the duration of milk feeding of which is at least 8-10 months.
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Up to 40% of monkey research worldwide is done in rhesus monkeys.
Black or Celebes Macaque (Macaca maura)
Live almost throughout Asia: Afghanistan, China, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Laos. According to some reports, rhesus monkeys are the second most common species of primates, after humans. Rhesus macaques live in close proximity to humans, willingly occupying the territory developed by humans, including the outskirts of cities and villages. nine0003
Monkeys of medium size, body length 40-60 cm, short tail, about half the body length, rather fluffy.
Weight of adult male 6-14 kg, female 4-10 kg. The coat is gray with a reddish or yellowish tint, red on the back half of the body. The face is bright. The length of the canine in the male is about 9 mm, in the female 6 mm. They feed mainly on plant foods - leaves, young shoots, cereals, fruits, vegetables; in habitats, about 92 plant species are included in the rhesus diet.
Willingly eat worms and insects, sometimes small animals. They are not afraid of water, they can swim. nine0003
They form rather large groups and are characterized by pronounced matrilocality, according to which the cubs of the female remain in natal groups, and males usually leave them at puberty.
There is a breeding season, the peak of the mating season and the birth season varies depending on the area. After pregnancy with an average duration of 166 days, one cub is born, the duration of milk feeding of which is at least 8-10 months. nine0003
Up to 40% of monkey research worldwide is done in rhesus monkeys.
Brown or bear macaque (Macaca arctoides)
They live almost throughout Asia: Afghanistan, China, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Laos. According to some reports, rhesus monkeys are the second most common species of primates, after humans. Rhesus macaques live in close proximity to humans, willingly occupying the territory developed by humans, including the outskirts of cities and villages.
nine0003
Monkeys of medium size, body length 40-60 cm, short tail, about half the body length, rather fluffy.
Weight of adult male 6-14 kg, female 4-10 kg. The coat is gray with a reddish or yellowish tint, red on the back half of the body. The face is bright. The length of the canine in the male is about 9 mm, in the female 6 mm. They feed mainly on plant foods - leaves, young shoots, cereals, fruits, vegetables; in habitats, about 92 plant species are included in the rhesus diet. Willingly eat worms and insects, sometimes small animals. They are not afraid of water, they can swim. nine0003
They form rather large groups and are characterized by pronounced matrilocality, according to which the cubs of the female remain in natal groups, and males usually leave them at puberty.
There is a breeding season, the peak of the mating season and the birth season varies depending on the area. After pregnancy with an average duration of 166 days, one cub is born, the duration of milk feeding of which is at least 8-10 months.
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Up to 40% of monkey research worldwide is done in rhesus monkeys.
Assam Macaque (Macaca assamensis)
They live in the mountainous province in northern India - Assam, at an altitude of up to 3000 m. Body length 40-60 cm, tail about half the body length. The mass of an adult male is 8-12 kg, females 5-10 kg. The coat is long, thick, grey. The face is light, the ears are hidden in the wool.
Like other macaque species, they feed on plant foods, including both insects and small vertebrates. nine0003
Lion-tailed macaque, or strong (Macaca silenus)
Tropical rain and mountain (up to 1500 m) forests of South and South-East India. Body length 50-60 cm in males, up to 46 cm in females, tail length 25-35 cm. Weight 5-10 kg in males, 3-6 kg in females. Dark face, thick black coat, lush mane of blond hair around the head and neck, to the chest, black long tail with a small tassel at the end.
Almost all the time they spend in the trees, they rarely come down to the ground.
