Mental disorders similar to depression


SAMHSA’s National Helpline | SAMHSA

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  • SAMHSA’s National Helpline is a free, confidential, 24/7, 365-day-a-year treatment referral and information service (in English and Spanish) for individuals and families facing mental and/or substance use disorders.

    Also visit the online treatment locator.

SAMHSA’s National Helpline, 1-800-662-HELP (4357) (also known as the Treatment Referral Routing Service), or TTY: 1-800-487-4889 is a confidential, free, 24-hour-a-day, 365-day-a-year, information service, in English and Spanish, for individuals and family members facing mental and/or substance use disorders. This service provides referrals to local treatment facilities, support groups, and community-based organizations.

Also visit the online treatment locator, or send your zip code via text message: 435748 (HELP4U) to find help near you. Read more about the HELP4U text messaging service.

The service is open 24/7, 365 days a year.

English and Spanish are available if you select the option to speak with a national representative. Currently, the 435748 (HELP4U) text messaging service is only available in English.

In 2020, the Helpline received 833,598 calls. This is a 27 percent increase from 2019, when the Helpline received a total of 656,953 calls for the year.

The referral service is free of charge. If you have no insurance or are underinsured, we will refer you to your state office, which is responsible for state-funded treatment programs. In addition, we can often refer you to facilities that charge on a sliding fee scale or accept Medicare or Medicaid. If you have health insurance, you are encouraged to contact your insurer for a list of participating health care providers and facilities.

The service is confidential. We will not ask you for any personal information. We may ask for your zip code or other pertinent geographic information in order to track calls being routed to other offices or to accurately identify the local resources appropriate to your needs.

No, we do not provide counseling. Trained information specialists answer calls, transfer callers to state services or other appropriate intake centers in their states, and connect them with local assistance and support.

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Last Updated: 08/30/2022

SAMHSA Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator

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Welcome to the Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator, a confidential and anonymous source of information for persons seeking treatment facilities in the United States or U.S. Territories for substance use/addiction and/or mental health problems.

PLEASE NOTE: Your personal information and the search criteria you enter into the Locator is secure and anonymous. SAMHSA does not collect or maintain any information you provide.

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The Locator is authorized by the 21st Century Cures Act (Public Law 114-255, Section 9006; 42 U.S.C. 290bb-36d). SAMHSA endeavors to keep the Locator current. All information in the Locator is updated annually from facility responses to SAMHSA’s National Substance Use and Mental Health Services Survey (N-SUMHSS). New facilities that have completed an abbreviated survey and met all the qualifications are added monthly. Updates to facility names, addresses, telephone numbers, and services are made weekly for facilities informing SAMHSA of changes. Facilities may request additions or changes to their information by sending an e-mail to [email protected], by calling the BHSIS Project Office at 1-833-888-1553 (Mon-Fri 8-6 ET), or by electronic form submission using the Locator online application form (intended for additions of new facilities).

4 disorders often confused with depression

Psychiatric disorders are sometimes very difficult to diagnose, especially because there are few physiological tests that can help make an accurate diagnosis.

Unlike physical illnesses, mental problems are most often identified on the basis of self-reported symptoms.

Therefore, such disorders and diseases are sometimes misdiagnosed. Many doctors diagnose "depression" to those people who simply do not have it.

We have described four diseases that are often confused with depression because of the similarity of symptoms, and the wrong course of treatment is prescribed, which can do more harm than good.

Bipolar disorder

Like depression, bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of significant decline in mood, motivation, and energy.

During such periods, people with bipolar disorder experience the same symptoms as those with depression: they are visited by feelings of hopelessness and meaninglessness of what is happening, and may even have suicidal thoughts.

But unlike depression, patients with this disorder also experience periods of highs, or mania, when they feel confident, productive, and capable of taking on the world.

Sometimes the manic phase is so pleasurable to the person that he or she fails to recognize it as part of the illness and therefore seeks help only during periods of "downs".

According to a study published in The British Journal of Psychiatry, about 22% of people with bipolar disorder are misdiagnosed as depression.

In the case of these two diseases, making the correct diagnosis is crucial in the treatment of the patient, since the medications used in the treatment of depression often only worsen the symptoms of bipolar disorder.

Hypothyroidism

In this condition, the thyroid glands do not produce enough thyroid hormones.

These hormones are necessary for the normal functioning of the brain and body, so when they are deficient, people experience fatigue, reduced concentration and moodiness - typical symptoms of depression.

But hypothyroidism differs from depressive disorder in that people with this disease suffer from various edema and are hypersensitive to low temperatures, which makes them cold all the time.

In addition, these patients have dry skin, hair loss, and a deepening of the voice. This condition can have serious consequences, including fatal if it is not detected in time.

However, the correct diagnosis can be made on the basis of a simple blood test, and treatment usually consists of taking only one drug per day.

Diabetes

Often people live with type 2 diabetes without even knowing it. This disease is characterized by a sharp decrease in weight, a constant feeling of fatigue and increasing irritability.

These symptoms are often associated with depression, and therefore it is not always immediately obvious that the problem is not in mental health, but in the lack of insulin in the body.

Occasionally, patients also experience diabetic distress, a condition that mimics depression.

In 2014, scientists conducted a study that found that people who were diagnosed with both depression and diabetes experienced significant relief when they received treatment specifically for diabetes.

This suggests that the first diagnosis may have been erroneous.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Also known as benign myalgic encephalomyelitis, this disorder is characterized by extreme fatigue for no apparent reason.

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), as well as those with depression, experience difficulty concentrating, muscle pain and sleep problems.

But there is one important difference between these conditions - people with depression lack both energy and interest and motivation in their hobbies, while people with CFS continue to want to do something, but cannot because of a lack of energy.

So be aware that if you're on treatment for depression and don't feel better, chances are you've been misdiagnosed.

Before starting antidepressant therapy, it does not hurt to have a blood test done to rule out depression-like symptoms such as hypothyroidism and diabetes.

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia
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      • Schizophrenia

      Key Facts
      • Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects approximately 24 million people, or 1 in 300 people worldwide.
      • Schizophrenia causes psychosis, is associated with severe disability, and can negatively affect all areas of life, including personal, family, social, academic and work life.
      • People with schizophrenia are often subject to stigma, discrimination and human rights violations.
      • Worldwide, more than two thirds of people with psychosis do not receive specialized mental health care.
      • There are a number of effective options for helping patients with schizophrenia, which can lead to a complete recovery of at least one in three patients.

      Symptoms

      Schizophrenia is characterized by significant disturbances in the perception of reality and behavioral changes, such as:

    • persistent hallucinations: the patient hears, sees, touches non-existent things and smells non-existent smells;
    • feeling of external influence, control or passivity: the presence in the patient of the feeling that his feelings, impulses, actions or thoughts are dictated from outside, put in or disappear from consciousness by someone else's will, or that his thoughts are broadcast to others;
    • disorganized thinking, often expressed in incoherent or pointless speech;
    • Significant disorganization of behavior, which manifests itself, for example, in the performance by the patient of actions that may seem strange or meaningless, or in an unpredictable or inappropriate emotional reaction that does not give the patient the opportunity to organization of their behavior;
    • "negative symptoms" such as extreme poverty of speech, smoothness of emotional reactions, inability to feel interest or pleasure, social autism; and/or
    • extreme excitement or, on the contrary, slowness of movements, freezing in unusual postures.

    People with schizophrenia often also experience persistent cognitive or thinking problems that affect memory, attention, or problem-solving skills.

    At least one third of patients with schizophrenia experience complete remission of symptoms (1). In some, periods of remission and exacerbation of symptoms follow each other throughout life, in others there is a gradual increase in symptoms.

    Magnitude of the problem and impact

    Schizophrenia affects approximately 24 million people, or 1 in 300 people (0.32%) worldwide. Among adults, the rate is 1 in 222 (0.45%) (2). Schizophrenia has a lower prevalence than many other mental disorders. Onset is most common in late adolescence and between the ages of 20 and 30; while women tend to have a later onset of the disease.

    Schizophrenia is often accompanied by significant stress and difficulties in personal relationships, family life, social contacts, studies, work or other important areas of life.

    Individuals with schizophrenia are 2-3 times more likely to die early than the population average (2). It is often associated with physical illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, and infectious disease.

    Patients with schizophrenia often become the object of human rights violations both within the walls of psychiatric institutions and in everyday life. Significant stigmatization of people with this disease is a widespread phenomenon that leads to their social isolation and has a negative impact on their relationships with others, including family and friends. This creates grounds for discrimination, which in turn limits access to health services in general, education, housing and employment.

    Humanitarian emergencies and health crises can cause intense stress and fear, disrupt social support mechanisms, cause isolation and disrupt health services and supply of medicines. All these shocks can have a negative impact on the lives of people with schizophrenia, in particular by exacerbating existing symptoms of the disease. People with schizophrenia are more vulnerable during emergencies to various human rights violations and, in particular, face neglect, abandonment, homelessness, abuse and social exclusion.

    Causes of schizophrenia

    Science has not established any one cause of the disease. It is believed that schizophrenia may be the result of the interaction of a number of genetic and environmental factors. Psychosocial factors may also influence the onset and course of schizophrenia. In particular, heavy marijuana abuse is associated with an increased risk of this mental disorder.

    Assistance services

    The vast majority of people with schizophrenia do not currently receive mental health care worldwide. Approximately 50% of patients in psychiatric hospitals are diagnosed with schizophrenia (4). Only 31.3% of people with psychosis get specialized mental health care (5). Much of the resources allocated to mental health services are inefficiently spent on the care of patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals.

    Available scientific evidence clearly indicates that hospitalization in psychiatric hospitals is not an effective way of providing care for mental disorders and is regularly associated with the violation of the basic rights of patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the expansion and acceleration of work on the transfer of functions in the field of mental health care from psychiatric institutions to the level of local communities. Such work should begin with the organization of the provision a wide range of quality community-based mental health services. Options for community-based mental health care include integrating this type of care into primary health care and hospital care. general care, setting up community mental health centres, outpatient care centres, social housing with nursing care and social home care services. Involvement in the care process is important the patient with schizophrenia, his family members and members of local communities.

    Case management and care for schizophrenia

    There are a number of effective approaches to treating people with schizophrenia, including medication, psychoeducation, family therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychosocial rehabilitation (eg, life skills education). The most important interventions for helping people with schizophrenia are assisted living, special housing and employment assistance. It is extremely important for people with schizophrenia and their families and/or caregivers to a recovery-centered approach that empowers people to participate in decisions about their care.

    WHO action

    steps are in place to ensure that appropriate services are provided to people with mental disorders, including schizophrenia. One of the key recommendations The action plan is to transfer the function of providing assistance from institutions to local communities. WHO Special Mental Health Initiative aims to further progress towards the goals of the Comprehensive Plan mental health action 2013–2030 by ensuring that 100 million more people have access to quality and affordable mental health care.

    The WHO Mental Health Gap Action Program (mhGAP) is developing evidence-based technical guidelines, tools and training packages to scale up services in countries, especially in low-resource settings. The program focuses on a priority list of mental health disorders, including psychosis, and aims to strengthen the capacity of non-specialized health workers in as part of an integrated approach to mental health care at all levels of care. To date, the mhGAP Program has been implemented in more than 100 WHO Member States.

    The WHO QualityRights project aims to improve the quality of care and better protect human rights in mental health and social care settings and to expand opportunities of various organizations and associations to defend the rights of persons with mental disorders and psychosocial disabilities.

    The WHO guidelines on community mental health services and human rights-based approaches provide information for all stakeholders who intend to develop or transform mental health systems and services.


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