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Facts and statistics about physical bullying


What Is Bullying | StopBullying.gov

Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may have serious, lasting problems.

In order to be considered bullying, the behavior must be aggressive and include:

  • An Imbalance of Power: Kids who bully use their power—such as physical strength, access to embarrassing information, or popularity—to control or harm others. Power imbalances can change over time and in different situations, even if they involve the same people.
  • Repetition: Bullying behaviors happen more than once or have the potential to happen more than once.

Bullying includes actions such as making threats, spreading rumors, attacking someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purpose.

  • Types of Bullying
  • Where and When Bullying Happens
  • Frequency of Bullying

Types of Bullying

There are three types of bullying:

  • Verbal bullying is saying or writing mean things. Verbal bullying includes:
    • Teasing
    • Name-calling
    • Inappropriate sexual comments
    • Taunting
    • Threatening to cause harm
  • Social bullying, sometimes referred to as relational bullying, involves hurting someone’s reputation or relationships. Social bullying includes:
    • Leaving someone out on purpose
    • Telling other children not to be friends with someone
    • Spreading rumors about someone
    • Embarrassing someone in public
  • Physical bullying involves hurting a person’s body or possessions. Physical bullying includes:
    • Hitting/kicking/pinching
    • Spitting
    • Tripping/pushing
    • Taking or breaking someone’s things
    • Making mean or rude hand gestures

Where and When Bullying Happens

Bullying can occur during or after school hours. While most reported bullying happens in the school building, a significant percentage also happens in places like on the playground or the bus. It can also happen travelling to or from school, in the youth’s neighborhood, or on the Internet.

Frequency of Bullying

There are two sources of federally collected data on youth bullying:

  • The 2019 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Justice) indicates that, nationwide, about 22% of students ages 12–18 experienced bullying.
  • The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) indicates that, nationwide, 19.5% of students in grades 9–12 report being bullied on school property in the 12 months preceding the survey.

See also "Frequency of Cyberbullying."

How to Prevent Bullying | StopBullying.gov

Parents, school staff, and other caring adults have a role to play in preventing bullying. They can: 

  • Help kids understand bullying. Talk about what bullying is and how to stand up to it safely. Tell kids bullying is unacceptable. Make sure kids know how to get help.
  • Keep the lines of communication open. Check in with kids often. Listen to them. Know their friends, ask about school, and understand their concerns.
  • Encourage kids to do what they love. Special activities, interests, and hobbies can boost confidence, help kids make friends, and protect them from bullying behavior.
  • Model how to treat others with kindness and respect.

Help Kids Understand Bullying

Kids who know what bullying is can better identify it. They can talk about bullying if it happens to them or others. Kids need to know ways to safely stand up to bullying and how to get help.

  • Encourage kids to speak to a trusted adult if they are bullied or see others being bullied. The adult can give comfort, support, and advice, even if they can’t solve the problem directly. Encourage the child to report bullying if it happens.
  • Talk about how to stand up to kids who bully. Give tips, like using humor and saying “stop” directly and confidently. Talk about what to do if those actions don’t work, like walking away
  • Talk about strategies for staying safe, such as staying near adults or groups of other kids.
  • Urge them to help kids who are bullied by showing kindness or getting help.
  • Watch the short webisodes and discuss them - PDF with kids.

Keep the Lines of Communication Open

Research tells us that children really do look to parents and caregivers for advice and help on tough decisions. Sometimes spending 15 minutes a day talking can reassure kids that they can talk to their parents if they have a problem. Start conversations about daily life and feelings with questions like these:

  • What was one good thing that happened today? Any bad things?
  • What is lunch time like at your school? Who do you sit with? What do you talk about?
  • What is it like to ride the school bus?
  • What are you good at? What would do you like best about yourself?

Talking about bullying directly is an important step in understanding how the issue might be affecting kids. There are no right or wrong answers to these questions, but it is important to encourage kids to answer them honestly. Assure kids that they are not alone in addressing any problems that arise. Start conversations about bullying with questions like these:

  • What does “bullying” mean to you?
  • Describe what kids who bully are like. Why do you think people bully?
  • Who are the adults you trust most when it comes to things like bullying?
  • Have you ever felt scared to go to school because you were afraid of bullying? What ways have you tried to change it?
  • What do you think parents can do to help stop bullying?
  • Have you or your friends left other kids out on purpose? Do you think that was bullying? Why or why not?
  • What do you usually do when you see bullying going on?
  • Do you ever see kids at your school being bullied by other kids? How does it make you feel?
  • Have you ever tried to help someone who is being bullied? What happened? What would you do if it happens again?

Get more ideas for talking with children - PDF about life and about bullying. If concerns come up, be sure to respond.

There are simple ways that parents and caregivers can keep up-to-date with kids’ lives. 

  • Read class newsletters and school flyers. Talk about them at home.
  • Check the school website
  • Go to school events
  • Greet the bus driver
  • Meet teachers and counselors at “Back to School” night or reach out by email
  • Share phone numbers with other kids’ parents

Teachers and school staff also have a role to play. 

Encourage Kids to Do What They Love

Help kids take part in activities, interests, and hobbies they like. Kids can volunteer, play sports, sing in a chorus, or join a youth group or school club. These activities give kids a chance to have fun and meet others with the same interests. They can build confidence and friendships that help protect kids from bullying.

Model How to Treat Others with Kindness and Respect

Kids learn from adults’ actions. By treating others with kindness and respect, adults show the kids in their lives that there is no place for bullying. Even if it seems like they are not paying attention, kids are watching how adults manage stress and conflict, as well as how they treat their friends, colleagues, and families.

Every third woman on the planet is beaten, threatened and humiliated: Society Articles ➕1, 24.11.2022

November 25 is the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, established by the UN in 1999. Plus-one.ru provides key figures and facts on this issue from key reports from WHO, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, and UN Women.

The prevalence of violence against women is due to the fact that only a small number of victims seek help

Photo: kitzcorner / iStock

1

31% of all women in the world, that is, almost one in three, experience physical and/or sexual violence. This figure does not include sexual harassment, and in some regions, such as Oceania, it can exceed 50%.

2

In most cases, violence against women comes from their intimate partners. Globally, 27% of women in relationships experience some form of physical or sexual abuse by a man during their lifetime. Among these women, 42% are physically injured. Up to 38% of murders of women worldwide are committed by their intimate partners.

3

Violence affects not only the physical and mental, but also the sexual and reproductive health of women. Among the victims of violence, the risks of developing depression, committing suicide, unwanted pregnancy, induced abortion, gynecological problems, and HIV infection are significantly higher (1.5 times). Violence committed during pregnancy increases the risk of preterm birth (by 41%), stillbirth, miscarriage (by 16%).

4

Every 11 minutes, a girl or woman dies at the hands of an intimate partner or family member. In 2020, 81,000 women were victims of premeditated murder. More than half of them (47 thousand) died at the hands of their intimate partners or family members.

5

Fewer than 40% of abused women seek help. Most of them seek protection and support from family and friends, and only a few from official structures: law enforcement or health services. For example, less than 10% of those who decide to open up and get help turn to the police.

6

There are laws on domestic violence in 155 countries, and on sexual harassment in the workplace in 140. At the same time, the UN has 193 states, and there are more than 200 countries and territories in the world. However, laws to protect women from violence often do not meet international standards and recommendations, or are not applied at all in practice.

7

Adult women account for almost half (49%) of all identified trafficking victims worldwide. Women and girls together make up 72%, but three out of every four such victims are girls. The majority of women (83%) and girls (72%) are trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation.

10 facts about human trafficking

Who and where are sold for organs and into slavery

8

they entered before the age of 18. Child marriage is most common in sub-Saharan Africa, where one in three minors were married off. Early marriages lead to early pregnancies, social isolation, school interruptions, and increased risk of domestic violence.

9

At least 200 million women and girls aged 15 to 49 in 31 countries around the world have been victims of genital mutilation. Half of these countries are in West Africa. In some countries, such as Sudan, such surgeries are commonplace, affecting nine out of 10 girls and women aged 15-49.

10

15 million adolescent girls aged 15-19 worldwide were forced to have sex. Girls are most at risk from their current or former husband, partner or friend. Only 1% of victims have ever sought professional help.

11

Gender-based violence in schools is a major barrier to universal literacy and girls' rights to education. Worldwide, one in three students aged 11-15 are bullied by their peers at least once a month. Girls and boys are equally affected by bullying, with boys more likely to experience physical abuse and girls more likely to experience psychological abuse.

12

Between 40% and 60% of women in the Middle East and North Africa are sexually harassed on the street. Between 31% and 64% of men in these regions admitted to having committed such acts.

13

82% of women parliamentarians in the five regions of the world experienced some form of psychological abuse, 44% of them reported that they or their families were threatened with death, rape, assault or kidnapping. 65% of women received sexist remarks, mostly from their male counterparts in parliament.

14

Every 10 woman in the European Union since the age of 15 has been cyberstalked, i. e. harassed and harassed on the Internet. The risk of being a victim of this type of violence is highest among girls 18-29years.

15

The COVID-19 pandemic has made the problem of violence against women more acute. Due to social exclusion and economic insecurity, as well as restrictions on movement, there is a higher risk of facing assault, threats and psychological pressure at home, and, conversely, less opportunity to get help. By September 2020, 48 countries have included prevention and response measures for violence against women and girls in their plans to combat COVID-19. 121 states have begun to develop services for women survivors of violence during the pandemic.

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Ilya Arzumanov

Illustration

Anastasia Lobova

Infographic

Konstantin Chernov

Facts and numbers.

Gender-based violence against Venezuelan refugee women in Colombia and Peru - Amnesty International Amnesty International

Facts about refugees from Venezuela:

  • As of May 2022, over 6 million Venezuelans were forced to leave the country. More than 5 million of them are currently located in other Latin American countries. Colombia and Peru took in most of the refugees from Venezuela:
    • Colombia received 1.84 million Venezuelans;
    • 1.29 million - Peru.
  • Women make up 50% of refugees in Colombia and 58% in Peru.

General statistics on gender-based violence in Colombia and Peru:

  • In Colombia, according to the Comprehensive Information System for Gender-Based Violence (SIVIGE), 122,758 incidents of gender-based violence were reported in 2020:
    • 58,904 incidents of physical violence;
    • 31,635 cases of sexual violence;
    • 18,967 neglect of duties and family abandonment;
    • 9782 cases of psychological abuse.
  • In Peru, the Aurora Program through Women's Crisis Centers (CEM) registered 114,495 cases of gender-based violence in 2020*:
    • 55,995 cases of psychological violence;
    • 44,125 cases of physical violence;
    • 13,843 cases of sexual violence;
    • 532 cases of patrimonial violence.

Statistics on gender-based violence against Venezuelan refugees:

  • Even though many cases of gender-based violence go unreported, cases of such violence against refugee women have increased in Colombia and Peru.
    • Colombia recorded 166 incidents of gender-based violence in 2017, up from 2430 in 2018 and 4165 in 2020.
      • In 2020, 80.89% of cases of gender-based violence against Venezuelan refugees were reported at home, 11.5% on the street, and 7.6% elsewhere.
    • In Peru, cases of gender-based violence against refugee women increased from 1,384 cases in 2019 to 1,818 cases in 2021*.
  • In Colombia, 24.1% of women have experienced discrimination and unfair treatment because they are Venezuelan refugees. Of these, 58.8% of women stated that they had experienced such treatment on the street.
  • In Peru, between 2018 and 2021, approximately 70% of foreign women who applied for help at CEM Crisis Centers were from Venezuela*.
    • The number of those who applied for assistance tripled: in 2017, assistance was provided 250 times, in 2018 759 times, and in 2019 already 2022 times.
    • Between January and March 2022, CEM Crisis Centers are known to have helped foreign women 681 times, which means that the need for help for Venezuelan refugees continues to grow.
  • The number of reported cases is insignificant compared to the proportion of Venezuelans in each country, which indicates that not all cases of gender-based violence against Venezuelan refugees are included in the statistics.
    • In Colombia, the 4165 reported cases represent only 0. 45% of all Venezuelans estimated to live in the country.
    • Peru has 1102 reported cases – only 0.12% of Venezuelan women in the country.

Workplace violence against Venezuelan refugees:

  • In both Colombia and Peru, a lot of people are working without formal employment.
    • In Colombia, between December 2021 and February 2022, 48% of the working-age population worked without formal employment, of which 42.7% were women.
    • In Peru, in 2021, the proportion of people working without formal employment was 76%, but it is not known how many of them were women.
  • Venezuelan women are well represented in the Colombian labor market:
    • 82% of them reported having difficulty getting a paid job.
    • Of these 82%, only 16% had written employment contracts, while 84% indicated only verbal agreements.
    • In Colombia, Venezuelan women do more domestic (unpaid) work than Colombian women. 46.7% of working migrant women from Venezuela and 53.1% of non-working women reported that they dedicate at least 20 hours a week to childcare; while the share of Colombian women is 35.3% and 30.6% respectively.
  • Venezuelan women are also well represented in the labor market in Peru:
    • 29% of foreign women are in paid work, 34% work without pay, and in 37% of cases it is not possible to determine the status of employment.
    • 22% of women completed secondary education; 18% - technical or higher education. Of particular note is that Venezuelan women make up 74% of foreign women in Peru.

Failure to provide access to procedures for international protection and legalization of stay:

Colombia:

  • Refugee:
    • As of June 30, 2021, the authorities received 31,400 asylum applications and approved 1,300. .
  • Other types of legalization of stay:
    • As of May 26, 2022, the status of temporary protection has been confirmed 1,207,403 times.
    • Some of the problems that women face when obtaining temporary protection status are difficult financial situation, limited access to electronic media and the Internet, and the fact that they cannot provide documents to prove their stay in the country before the deadline.

Peru:

  • Refugees:
    • The state has recognized refugee status for 4,100 people out of 531,000 applications filed with the authorities.
  • Other types of legalization of stay:
    • As of 2020, temporary residence permits were granted in Peru. According to the Office of Migration, between July 9, 2021 and May 14, 2022, 165,307 Venezuelans received temporary residence permits.
    • Between 2019 and 2021, the Office of Migration approved 2,070 applications for migration status due to vulnerability, of which 897 applications were submitted by women and 963 men from Venezuela.

Failure to guarantee access to justice for Venezuelan refugees:

  • Venezuelan women know almost nothing about their rights and available legal remedies.
  • They have no information about how to get social security .
  • The authorities themselves have little knowledge of regulations: in both countries, women are required to obtain migration status as a condition for registering complaints, despite the fact that this is not required by law.
  • Persistent mixed stereotypes (female + nationality) deeply ingrained in Colombian and Peruvian society, which also manifest themselves in the area of ​​justice, such as blaming women, stigmatization, discrimination and re-victimization.
  • It is extremely difficult to report gender-based violence in the workplace (especially in the case of informal employment) due to the difficult financial situation and problems with employment, as well as lack of legalization and discrimination in access to decent jobs.

Failure to protect Venezuelan refugees from gender-based violence:

  • Statelessness despite the existence of regulations and protocols to prevent gender-based violence:
    • In Colombia in 2021, 82. 92% of domestic violence complaints were at the investigation stage, 16.09% of cases went to court and only 0 .8% were reviewed by the court prior to the sentencing stage. As for cases of sexual violence against women in 2021, 88.19% of cases were under investigation; 6.85% were taken to court and only 0.13% were brought to a verdict.
    • In Peru, only 6 out of 138 femicide cases (i.e. 4%) were convicted under femicide articles in 2020.
  • Lack of other protection measures, e.g. shelters :