Adhd and poor money management

How to Overcome Common Financial Pitfalls When You Have ADHD

Medically reviewed by Scientific Advisory Board — By Margarita Tartakovsky, MS on May 17, 2016

Having ADHD can make it difficult to manage your money. “People with ADHD have a higher rate of debt, more impulsive spending and more arguments with their partner/spouse over money issues,” said Stephanie Sarkis, Ph.D, a national certified counselor and licensed mental health counselor and author of four books on adult ADD, including ADD and Your Money: A Guide to Personal Finance for Adults with Attention-Deficit Disorder.

And “…because these financial pitfalls are directly related to your ADD symptoms, they can seem impossible to overcome.”

But there are simple ways you can surmount these potential pitfalls. Here, Sarkis and Sandy Maynard, MS, an ADHD coach who operates Catalytic Coaching, share their advice for financial success.

Ditching Disorganization & Paying the Bills — on Time

“One way to keep financial records organized is to know when to keep (and when to shred) them,” Sarkis said. Reduce your paper piles and you’ll “reduce your stress.”

To figure out what stays and what goes, ask a financial professional. You may need to keep some documents anywhere from several years to even a lifetime, while others you can shred right away. (Use a crosscut shredder to reduce your risk of identity theft, Sarkis said.)

Another great way to cut down on paper clutter and actually find what you need is having online statements, Maynard said. (Have a safe place for keeping passwords.) Plus, you can set up automatic payments for most bills. If you still receive paper bills, create labels for your folders by cutting out the company’s logo like this, Maynard said.

Also, consider if you can find the printed information elsewhere, such as a website or library. When Maynard helps clients organize their offices, she often observes that they have copies of everything, even though there’s a resource center that has these materials.

Maynard also suggests her clients perform a spring and fall cleaning of their paperwork (computer files and closets, too).

Getting a Handle on Impulsive Spending

Since impulsivity is a symptom of ADHD, it’s not surprising that it extends to spending. But halting hasty spending cold turkey doesn’t work. According to Sarkis, it can actually backfire. “If you are severely restricting yourself from spending, you may find that one day you just can’t take it anymore and you go on an impulse buy-a-thon.”

The key, Sarkis said, is to “curb your spending” and practice what she calls “rational spending.” “Take things one step at a time. Little things like checking your shopping cart and removing impulse purchases before you go through the checkout line can add up to some big savings.”

Importantly, identify where your impulsive spending tends to happen, Maynard said. For one of Maynard’s clients, Brooks Brothers became a money pit. His closet and another room were already stuffed with clothes but he couldn’t resist buying something on sale. What helped him was talking to Maynard on the phone whenever he’d pass the store. He’d tell her everything he would’ve purchased if they weren’t talking and she’d ask questions like “Do you need it just because it’s a bargain?” After he’d leave the store empty-handed, they’d discuss how much money he saved. (Often it was upwards of several hundred dollars!)

“If you feel safe doing it, walk into a store and add up what you would’ve spent money on,” Maynard said. If you see something you want to buy, leave and “tell yourself, ‘I’ll sleep on the decision.’” Also helpful is to observe “how you’re rationalizing your purchases and have a mantra to tell yourself differently,” she said.

Is the grocery store your money pit? Make a shopping list, and stick to it, Maynard said. Try an online delivery service, which reduces the temptation to walk down the aisles and get items off your list. The smell of fresh baked bread and the look of a nice piece of meat may tempt you right out of your money. Keep it simple, too, by shopping at a supermarket “that meets most of your needs,” she said. And avoid shopping when you’re hungry.

Want to make a big purchase? First talk it over with your family or someone else you trust, Maynard said.

Creating a Simple Budget

The symptoms of ADHD don’t lend themselves easily to budget-creating either. But you don’t need to keep intricate records or make complex calculations. Think of your budget “as just a way of finding out where your money is going,” Sarkis said.

In fact, people with ADHD often don’t know where their money goes, Maynard said. As a solution, she suggested picking a time every day to sit down and record that day’s purchases. Some of Maynard’s clients are surprised to find they’re spending a lot of money on little things, such Starbucks or iTunes.

When creating a budget, first figure out your “needs” — think shelter and food — and your “wants” — cable — Sarkis said. List your fixed expenses, “the things you must pay every month – items that are not negotiable,” such as rent or a mortgage. Then list flexible expenses, or the “things that you are able to change the amount of money you spend on them.” In other words, if you’re spending $200 on going out every month, take a look at how you can shrink that number, she said.

No worries about being nitty-gritty with your numbers. “We are just looking for estimates – no need to get into detailed dollars and cents,” she said.

Practicing Long-Term Planning

Not planning for the long haul “can lead to a lack of retirement savings,” Sarkis said. She recommended taking “advantage of an employer’s retirement savings program. Have money directly transferred from your paycheck to your retirement account so you aren’t tempted to spend that money instead.”

Also, consult a financial planner, especially if you’re self-employed. They can help you figure out “what percentage you should be putting away according to what you make,” Maynard said. Then once you know that percentage, have it automatically deducted, as well.

Tackling Taxes

Tax time is when you need to be organized, on time and meticulous, and ADHD symptoms can make the process tough. Fortunately, tax season has passed, but it’s still best to keep organized year-round, so you aren’t freaking out come April. Learn to simplify your tax prep here and here.

Managing Money and ADHD: Expenses and Goals

Download Fact Sheet

Managing finances can be challenging when you have ADHD, but it’s an important skill. You may find you’re able to master it once you come up with your financial plan. Think how nice it would feel to be organized: You don’t have to fear your bank account getting unexpectedly low, or that you’ll be turned down for a loan, or that your power will be cut because you forgot to pay the bill.

Your relationship with money

For adults with ADHD, issues with the following things may make keeping up with financial matters more difficult:

Keeping track of bank balances or expenses
Organizing checks, bills, and important tax papers, and avoiding late payments
Spending and large credit card balances
Avoiding or procrastinating on paying bills or organizing files
Saving for future needs or wants

Know where your money is going

Keeping a record of what you buy can help curb impulsive spending. It also helps you to see where your money is going. Carry a small notebook or find a smartphone app that works for you, and record all of your purchases, even small ones. Be sure to include what you buy or pay for online as well. When you track your spending, you’ll see certain categories emerge. Those might include groceries, meals out, snacks, coffee shops, books, movies, gasoline, bus fare, clothing, newspapers, cosmetics, household items, donations, and hobbies.

You may find tracking your spending hard or annoying at first, but keep at it, even if just for a week or two. If you’re married or in a partnership, your spouse or partner should keep track of his or her expenses too, so you can compare notes. If you’re single, you might ask a trusted friend or family member to check in with you to be sure you are keeping track. Even if you do not keep a perfect record of every expense, the information you do collect will help you improve your money management habits. Include both fixed and variable expenses in your tracking.

Fixed expenses: housing, utilities, loans, transportation
Variable expenses: food, gas, clothing, entertainment (an average amount or range)

Be sure to include monthly, quarterly, and yearly expenses such as taxes, homeowner association fees, and memberships.

Add up your fixed and variable expenses. If they total more than your income, you will have to take another look to see where you can save or cut things out. What’s left over after those expenses is your disposable income. What you do with your disposable income will depend on your personal situation and your lifestyle preferences. You may use it for going out to dinner, making home repairs or improvements, taking vacations, taking a class, saving for retirement, and so on.

Think about your values and goals

Take some time to reflect on your short- and long-term goals. If you have a spouse or partner, you should discuss your goals with him or her.

You might find it helpful to write notes or create a collage that shows a few things you’d like to save for. Sort your list or pictures into two groups: the essential (must have for health, security, or well-being) and the nonessential (would like to have). What are the top three to five things on your list of essentials? Your list of non-essentials? What is coming between where you are now and where you would like to see yourself? Once you clarify your vision and identify any problem areas, you can set some money-related saving or spending goals.

Short-term goals might include saving a certain amount per week, eating out less often to save money, or keeping your financial papers organized.
Mid-term goals might include saving for a vacation or a new piece of furniture, or paying off a small debt like a store charge card.
Long-term goals might include saving for college tuition or planning for retirement.

Break down your goals into small action steps that you can take daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly. Don’t be afraid to ask for help from a friend, a therapist, or a coach if you need it. Remember that successful money management means paying attention to all of your goals. They are an essential part of your money management routine.

Other fact sheets in this series:

Managing Money and ADHD: Minding Your Debts

Managing Money and ADHD: Saving and Spending
Managing Money and ADHD: Money Management Schedule

ADHD. Eternal procrastinators, liars and sluts

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

We are 5-10% (depending on the region). For most of us, after hormonal balance in the post-pubertal period, the pathology becomes less pronounced. In this case, we are distinguished by slovenliness, procrastination, noise, carelessness and lack of punctuality. We are disgusting workers if the work we have chosen requires a systematic approach and long-term concentration. In fact, to be honest, almost any business requires a systematic approach and concentration. Even marketing and sales in the 21st century are dozens of techniques and hundreds of Talmuds. Well, programming, engineering is not for us at all. Sales and communications are the areas where we usually settle. We are fast and chatty, and often very empathic, so we seem to ourselves to be superman managers compared to the rest of the bumpkins. But the thing is, there are a lot of incompetent idiots working in this area. In Russia, we are saved by the general lack of professionalism and the wildest incompetence of the gray mass of workers in this area.

Oh yes, we are also convinced that we are not a gray mass. Our brain has a built-in mechanism that blocks the perception of the fierce chaos that accompanies us in any business. And the more pronounced the pathology, the more brutal those cognitive distortions that accompany our thinking. By the way, at the first meeting we often know how to impress. But for any lead, it will be a very useful skill to learn to recognize people like me. You won't have to wait until midnight for the carriage to turn into a pumpkin. Before midnight, we'll have time to screw up three times.

We always think of ourselves as ~~oh…~~ Supermen. I am 33 years old, I have a severe pathology, and in my case it did not get better. My world is a mess and a complete procrastination. My home office is not just a mess. I am sure that new forms of life are intensively formed here. I am not able to organize my desk, but I live with the feeling that I am the Messiah, the only one who knows how to organize the life of all mankind. In the most direct sense. It doesn’t help to realize that such patients have incredibly high self-esteem, and on average we are dumber than people without ADHD, due to the fact that our brain has never solved complex volumetric tasks that require prolonged concentration. Namely, the solution of such problems develops the intelligence of an adult. The entire Internet in Russian and English is littered with articles about ADHD, written by grown-up ADHD people, where 100,500 advantages of thinking an ADHD patient are necessarily given. And in general, the Internet is pretty littered with us. Leaving a thousand comments without reading the article itself is our typical case.

To be honest, I haven't commented or broadcast anything for a long time. Because most of the comments are some kind of game of infinitely stupid people. I have weaned myself from adding to them my own stupidity. At first I grabbed my hand and stopped myself with the question: “What is my competence in this matter? Is my opinion the most competent among all readers?”. Answering this question ALWAYS removed the need to comment on anything.

Most of my comrades are also hyperactive. It is easier for us to understand each other and share the plans of our space enterprises and accomplishments with each other. All these achievements are distinguished by one feature - they are always in the near future. Never past or present. We are good liars because we lie all the time from early childhood. But over time, the people around us notice this lie and stop believing us. But we manage to lie to ourselves throughout our lives.

We turn any bad habit into a serious addiction. Cigarettes, weed, sweets, burgers and porn. Especially porn. But we will prove to anyone that we have no addiction and on a bet we can quit smoking, stick to porn, absorb sugar even right now. And indeed we can for the next five minutes.

Science does not know the exact cause of ADHD. This is probably due to the regulation of dopamine, metabolism and some other factors. Strictly speaking, several types of ADHD can be distinguished, and in exceptional cases, hyperactivity and / or impulsivity may not be accompanied by an attention deficit. I have inherited my disease. My mother is incredibly impulsive. But her impulsiveness is expressed in the fact that, having received a task or set a goal, she immediately and without delay starts its execution, not stopping until the task is completed. Rare case. I'm not so lucky. I have a classic type of disorder.

Elon Musk has an atypical case of hyperactivity. Complete and sincere inadequacy in assessing the size of the task and the timing of its implementation is a typical case. Breaking deadlines is also our thing. But Musk is atypical in that, in its classic form, hyperactivity is about how the patient starts, but does NOT complete ten things at once. And Musk knows how to finish everything he has started. In general, a normal person releases a stress hormone if his brain fixes unfinished business. And I can wash a mountain of dishes, but when only knives and forks remain, leave them unwashed, because I'm tired. A normal person, being a minute from completion, even with the last of his strength, finishes washing them, because dopamine reinforcement is so close, and the release of cortisol due to dirty forks left in the sink will not let you relax. It's not a problem for me.

Musk is also atypical in that he appears to be a psychopath and has reduced or absent empathy. Because in general, we most often have a very strong empathy. In my case, this is super-empathy. I sympathize and empathize even with a psychopath, although most people are not able to understand his inner world at all. And when they come into contact with him, they perceive him as a monster in which there is nothing human.

We may also have a state of hyperfocus. This is an amazing phase for the hyperactive, during which we achieve fantastic concentration, almost inaccessible to normal people. Many hyperactive people never find an activity that can trigger a state of hyperfocus. And this could become their safe haven. A vocation in which slobs and eternal amateurs could become real pros. I know this field of activity for myself. And with my pathology, the state of hyperfocus is incomparable even with the influence of [Roskomnadzor]. I am a pyromaniac. Fire completely subjugates my consciousness. No, I could not be a pyrotechnical engineer. In this profession, before the fire phase, you need to do a thousand calculations and not mess anything up. It's not about me. But as soon as I light a burner or an electric arc, and I can wake up only after 14 hours, realizing that my mouth is Sahara, I haven’t eaten anything, and my back and wrist hurt so that I can’t budge and need to call for help, because I can't crawl off the bench. But my ambitions extend far beyond the horizon of the profession of steelworker or welder. But I would be the most skillful and the happiest welder in the world, if not for the poisonous desire to be the messiah.

My attempts to find a good psychiatrist in Russia were unsuccessful. The competent ones did not take up my case, preferring to work only with children. The second carried a blizzard about the fact that there is no such disease, and you just need to be more attentive, concentrate, quit smoking ... ADHD was invented by American killer doctors to put healthy people on drugs ... hair on end, and this is not an isolated opinion. Unfortunately, only psychiatrists who themselves suffered from ADHD, who could not help themselves, were called to treat me. They scratched all sorts of nonsense about the virtues of hyperactivity, citing themselves as an example. Initial consultation, although also so-so, I received only in Israel. And damn, it's not cheap.

By the way, my advice to parents who suspect ADHD in a child is to find a way to emigrate. Any methods without drugs that are strictly prohibited in Russia will not give even 5% efficiency. For all this “limit sugar” stuff, do method X, and use method Y, you will pay a high price in old age when you watch what total chaos your child has turned his life into.

We are perceived as hopeless slobs. But just as drunkenness and promiscuity is different from alcoholism, ADHD is different from slovenliness. (i.e. almost nothing). However, the thing is, my closets were filled with books about how to stop procrastinating and start working effectively, books about how to think slowly, decide quickly, and how to learn to concentrate. But I lacked the concentration to even finish reading them, let alone form new habits.

Two factors forced me to write this article. The first one is my friend. He is a techie, a computer security specialist, a clever man and the owner of an outstanding intellect. His eldest daughter suffers from severe ADHD. The doctor told him that later it would pass, but for now he advised him to give sedatives. His advice fills me with anger and unbridled rage. Being impulsive, I would have hit this doctor with a vase if I had been present. To give such a child a sedative is to ruin his life and bury his intellect. Such children in normal countries are prescribed drugs based on [Roskomnadzor] or [Roskomnadzor]. Here, crazy psychiatrist gurus talk about killer doctors and harm [Roskomnadzor], offering some kind of shamanism and homeopathy. Others simply, without blinking, advise sedatives.

People often ask me why I don't have children. And having heard the answer that I am not ready, and I still do not consider myself competent in this difficult matter, they fill in that they say that you will never be ready. Our ancestors, grandparents, as well as parents gave birth in more severe conditions, nothing. Coped.

One of the manifestations of the Dunning-Kruger effect is not that the ignoramus is not aware of the full scale of the problem, but that he is not aware of the very existence of the problem. Because our ancestors DID NOT COME. From generation to generation, for centuries and millennia, they did not cope, producing stupid people, villains and freaks. And with this crowd of cripples, fools and scoundrels, we walked through the darkness of our history, illuminating our path with madness burning in our eyes, paving the route with irresponsibility.

5% like me. Another 5% are psychopaths. Up to 2% of people with bipolar disorder, >2% of people with borderline disorder… The statistics are merciless, and the list of mental disorders in the ICD-10 is very long. Most of these disorders are detected from early childhood. And it depends on the qualifications of the parents whether the disease will be a compensated feature, or turn into an ongoing nightmare over time. The chance that your child will not have any of this list is not so great. Wanting a child, rocking him in your arms and taking him to the home of the pioneers is not enough. You need to be ready to love and give all of yourself, all your time to a psychopath who will never experience love or gratitude for you. Or to teach how to live a dumbass, who is not only able to study properly, even the order in the room is not able to maintain.

There is a second reason why I am writing this article and starting to publish mini-reports on my page in the form of a blog. I suggested to our small team of VR movie fans that they should set up a commercial video studio to produce presentations in VR glasses. Such a studio could well raise funds for those small sci-fi films based on my scripts that we all really want to implement. For grants and budgets are allocated for all sorts of rubbish about how robots become human, instead of sawing beautiful fantasies about how artificial intelligence, instead of destroying humans, could help the weak, stupid, psychos, autists and people like me become better. The guys have written an application for remote content management, and the creative team is ready to take on the implementation of projects. But my challenge is to become the CEO of a company.

My knees are lead with fear. I've started a million things in my life and failed every one. Accounting, sales, organization - something that I better not touch. An ADHD person will fail any of these cases. And all at once with a guarantee! But I have scientific knowledge and the desire to become a messiah. My plan: to start making this world a better place, starting from my desktop. And it is important for me to report publicly on each stage. We ADHD people hate external control. But at the first stage, it is simply necessary. Besides, when you know that your brain is full of crooked mirrors, it would be good to lean on someone who sees the path without hallucinations and distortions. As for the guys, they are all excellent swimmers, and it seems to be just fun for them to watch me learn to walk on water. Cruel old-fashioned way to teach a child to swim. And my feelings tell me that the method is stupid and inefficient. But I'm already in the water. And I can only sink to their perky jokes or push off and walk on the water.

What is the danger of ADHD in adults and whether it can be dealt with

September 14LikbezHealth

If your life is going downhill, this disorder may be the reason.

Iya Zorina

Author of Lifehacker, athlete, CCM

What is ADHD and how common is it in adults? disorder (ADHD) / Mayo Clinic problems with concentration, excessive movement and impulsive behavior. This condition is usually diagnosed0061 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) / Cleveland Clinic in children aged 3 to 7 years, but symptoms often persist as they grow older.

One scientific work noted ^{C. Bonvicini, S. V. Faraone, C. Scassellati. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic, pharmacogenetic and biochemical studies / Molecular Psychiatry that the syndrome occurs in 5.2% of children, and more than half of them retain symptoms at a later age.}

According to various sources, ADHD affects 2.5 to 4.9% of adults.

However, due to the lack of research in adults, it is much more difficult to diagnose this syndrome.

Often a person is not even aware of having a disorder until they experience similar symptoms in their children. Also, often the reason for the appeal is not the attention deficit disorder itself, but the depression and anxiety associated with it.

How to recognize ADHD in an adult

Unlike children, adults are less likely to experience ^{Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) / National Health Service hyperactivity. In other words, they have no problem sitting still without twitching. But inattention and impulsivity remain, although they may be milder than in children. Also symptoms of ADHD in adults may include:}

carelessness and lack of attention to detail;
desire to constantly take on new tasks and inability to complete them;
poor organizational skills;
inability to concentrate and prioritize;
permanent loss of things;
forgetfulness;
restlessness and irritability;
inability to keep silent, desire to constantly talk;
inability to give a clear answer, tendency to interrupt others;
mood swings, irritability and irascibility;
inability to cope with stress;
extreme impatience;
risk-taking without fear of self and others, such as dangerous driving.

Many people occasionally experience ^{Adult attention‑deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) / Mayo Clinic with similar symptoms, but this does not yet indicate a disorder. If the difficulties have appeared recently or occur from time to time, most likely you do not have ADHD.}

If similar symptoms have haunted you since childhood and cause problems in various areas of life, perhaps they are really related to attention deficit disorder.

What threatens ADHD in adults

In the first place, the symptoms of ADHD can interfere with work. This is especially true for professions in which attention to detail, high concentration and punctuality are important.

People with Attention Deficit Disorder have difficulty learning new skills, failing to complete tasks, failing to multitask, and may experience communication problems.

All this interferes with the proper performance of duties, can lead to loss of work and difficulties in finding employment. As a result, people with ADHD often experience financial difficulties. They can be joined by problems with the law and the abuse of alcohol and drugs.

Risk-taking and inattention can cause traffic accidents and accidents, while impulsiveness and irritability can interfere with building stable warm relationships, making friends and family.

In addition, people with attention deficit disorder often suffer from low self-esteem, poor physical health and mental disorders, which further complicates life and can lead to suicide attempts.

Thus, ADHD affects almost all areas of life and without treatment can significantly reduce its quality.

How ADHD is diagnosed in adults

There are no specific tests that can accurately determine if an adult has ADHD, so the diagnosis is based on several factors.

One of the reliable criteria is the presence of attention deficit disorder in childhood. There is an opinion that if the disorder did not manifest itself at an early age, it cannot occur when the person has already grown up.

In addition, it is important whether there are relatives with the same problems. Because ADHD is inherited ^{C. Bonvicini, S. V. Faraone, C. Scassellati. Attention‑deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta‑analysis of genetic, pharmacogenetic and biochemical studies / Molecular Psychiatry in 75% of cases, similar symptoms in parents and siblings increase the risk of a positive diagnosis.}

In addition, risk factors include ^{Adult attention‑deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) / Mayo Clinic low birth weight preterm birth, smoking and maternal substance use during pregnancy. May play a role and exposure to toxic substances in childhood.}

Physical and mental health assessments may also be needed. Symptoms similar to ADHD can be caused by thyroid problems, seizures, sleep disorders, brain injury, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), substance use, and certain medications.

In addition, adult ADHD often presents with comorbidities, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and personality disorder.

After evaluating all the factors, the doctor will be able to make a diagnosis and begin treatment.

Is it possible to completely cure ADHD and how to do it

It is not possible to completely get rid of ADHD, however, with the right combination therapy, symptoms can be significantly reduced and quality of life improved. ^{Adult attention‑deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) / Mayo Clinic usually treats this disorder in two ways.}

1. Medicated. Abroad, pharmacotherapy most often includes drugs with methylphenidate, a substance that regulates the amount of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system. However, in Russia it was included on ^{Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 25, 2014 N 1102 “On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Improvement of Control over the Circulation of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances” was added to the list of psychotropic drugs and banned for use.}

Instead, the doctor may prescribe drugs with atomoxetine, a substance that suppresses ^{D. Simpson, G. L. Plosker. Atomoxetine: a review of its use in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / Drugs norepinephrine reuptake. This drug is more effective than placebo and rarely causes side effects that would have to stop treatment. In one experiment noted ^{L. A. Wietecha, D. B. Clemow, A. S. Buchanan. Atomoxetine Increased Effect over Time in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treated for up to 6 Months: Pooled Analysis of Two Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trials / CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics the effect was significantly greater than in the first month.}}

Your doctor may also prescribe antidepressants.

2. Through psychotherapy. Classes with a psychotherapist help a person improve self-organization and time management skills, learn to restrain impulsive behavior, solve problems and cope with stress in everyday life. In addition, the doctor helps to improve self-esteem, often reduced with this disorder, to establish relationships with family and friends.

ADHD is often treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which teaches the person to be aware of their thoughts and emotions and change their behavior to be more adaptive. Moreover, it is also effective for the treatment of depression and chemical addictions, which often accompany attention deficit disorder.

Learn more