Mental defects list

Types of mental health issues and illnesses

Mental illness is a general term for a group of illnesses that may include symptoms that can affect a person’s thinking, perceptions, mood or behaviour. Mental illness can make it difficult for someone to cope with work, relationships and other demands. The relationship between stress and mental illness is complex, but it is known that stress can worsen an episode of mental illness. Most people can manage their mental illness with medication, counselling or both.This page lists some of the more common mental health issues and mental illnesses.

Anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorders is a group of mental health disorders that includes generalised anxiety disorders, social phobias, specific phobias (for example, agoraphobia and claustrophobia), panic disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder. Untreated, anxiety disorders can lead to significant impairment on people’s daily lives.

For more information see: Anxiety disorders.

Behavioural and emotional disorders in children

Common behaviour disorders in children include oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Treatment for these mental health disorders can include therapy, education and medication.

For more information see: Behavioural disorders in children.

Bipolar affective disorder

Bipolar affective disorder is a type of mood disorder, previously referred to as ‘manic depression’. A person with bipolar disorder experiences episodes of mania (elation) and depression. The person may or may not experience psychotic symptoms. The exact cause is unknown, but a genetic predisposition has been clearly established. Environmental stressors can also trigger episodes of this mental illness.

For more information see: Bipolar disorder.

Depression

Depression is a mood disorder characterised by lowering of mood, loss of interest and enjoyment, and reduced energy. It is not just feeling sad. There are different types and symptoms of depression. There are varying levels of severity and symptoms related to depression. Symptoms of depression can lead to increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours.

For more information see: Depression.

Dissociation and dissociative disorders

Dissociation is a mental process where a person disconnects from their thoughts, feelings, memories or sense of identity. Dissociative disorders include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, depersonalisation disorder and dissociative identity disorder.

For more information see: Dissociation and dissociative disorders.

Eating disorders

Eating disorders include anorexia, bulimia nervosa and other binge eating disorders. Eating disorders affect females and males and can have serious psychological and physical consequences.

For more information see: Eating disorders.

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder. Obsessions are recurrent thoughts, images or impulses that are intrusive and unwanted. Compulsions are time-consuming and distressing repetitive rituals. Treatments include cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), and medications.

For more information see: Obsessive compulsive disorder.

Paranoia

Paranoia is the irrational and persistent feeling that people are ‘out to get you’. Paranoia may be a symptom of conditions including paranoid personality disorder, delusional (paranoid) disorder and schizophrenia. Treatment for paranoiainclude medications and psychological support.

For more information see: Paranoia.

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop as a response to people who have experienced any traumatic event. This can be a car or other serious accident, physical or sexual assault, war-related events or torture, or natural disasters such as bushfires or floods.

For more information see: Post-traumatic stress disorder.

Psychosis

People affected by psychosis can experience delusions, hallucinations and confused thinking.. Psychosis can occur in a number of mental illnesses, including drug-induced psychosis, schizophrenia and mood disorders. Medication and psychological support can relieve, or even eliminate, psychotic symptoms.

For more information see: Psychosis.

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a complex psychotic disorder characterised by disruptions to thinking and emotions, and a distorted perception of reality. Symptoms of schizophrenia vary widely but may include hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, social withdrawal, lack of motivation and impaired thinking and memory. People with schizophrenia have a high risk of suicide. Schizophrenia is not a split personality.

For more information see: Schizophrenia.

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Alphabetical Listing of Psychological Disorders & Mental Illness

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This alphabetical list of Mental Disorders, also called Psychological Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, and Mental Illnesses has been gathered from a wide variety of sources including the DSM-IV, DSM 5, ICD-10 Chapter V, and online resources including the Wikipedia page on mental disorders. While we have attempted to make this a complete alphabetical list of mental illnesses, including those that are no longer recognized in either the DSM 5 and ICD-10 Chapter V; there are often local disorders that we are not aware of. There are also older disorders that we have made educated guesses based on our own research. If you see that we’re missing something, please contact us and let us know. List of Psychological Disorders | Substance Abuse Disorders | Childhood Disorders

Alphabetical List Of

Mental Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, And Neurological Disorders

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Mental Disorders / Psychiatric Disorders / Neurological Disorders Starting With A

Absence seizure: Also called the less common Petit Mal Seizure, these seizures typically cause a short period of “blanking out” or staring into space. Like other kinds of seizures, they are caused by abnormal activity in a person’s brain. [Epilepsy Foundation, Mayo Clinic]
Abulia: A pathological inability to make decisions or take action.
Acute Stress Disorder: Also known as Acute Stress Reaction and sometimes called Shock, this is a psychological condition caused by experiencing or witnessing a terrifying or traumatic event, such as a severe automobile accident, violent crime, or death. It should not be confused with the unrelated circulatory condition of shock, or the concept of shock value. Acute stress reaction may develop into PTSD if untreated. [PsychCentral, VA.gov]
Adjustment Disorders: Adjustment Disorder is defined as a maladaptive response to a normal, psychosocial stressor that has occurred in the past three months, and is not caused by another mental illness.
Adverse effects of medication NOS
Age-related Cognitive Decline: (now known as Dementia and Neurocognitive Decline)
Agoraphobia: This is a condition where an individual doesn’t wish to go to places or face situations where they could become exposed to panic attacks.
Akiltism: [Note from MHM Staff ] We were unable to find any solid information about this disorder. Our best guess is that this disorder was once used as a catch-all for unknown diagnoses, it seems to be based on the word “akilter” meaning off-kilter or unbalanced. Our further assumption is that it was dropped as more understanding was gained and because of the extreme stigma it carried. [Merriam-Webster]
Alcohol Addiction: According to the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, approximately 17.6 million adults abuse alcohol or are physically dependent on it.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Approximately 19 million Americans have a family member who suffers from Alzheimer’s disease. There are seven stages of Alzheimer’s …
Amnesia: (also known as Amnestic Disorder) a person suffering from memory amnesia lost parts or all of his memory. It’s not your plain everyday forgetfulness, instead, it is the complete eradication of any or all events and relations.
Amphetamine Addiction: Amphetamines are some of the most addictive drugs in the world. The best way to overcome an amphetamine addiction is to get help from a professional treatment center.
Anorexia Nervosa: This is an eating disorder. The symptoms of Anorexia tend to be that the sufferer will eat very little, or not eat at all for a number of days, for fear of gaining weight.
Anterograde Amnesia: The loss of ability to create new memories after an amnesia event. The inability to recall recent past events, but retaining long-term memories from before the event.
Antisocial personality disorder: (also known as Sociopathy) “A psychiatric condition in which a person manipulates, exploits or violates the rights of others … this behavior is often criminal.
Anxiety Disorder: (Also known as Generalized Anxiety Disorder) A condition in which people experience a constant state of high anxiety, which does not seem to be attributed to any particular cause. Learn more about Anxiety Treatment, Therapy and Counseling here.
Anxiolytic related disorders: A number of different disorders that result from the abuse of a class of medications known as sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics (SHA).
Asperger’s Syndrome: (now part of Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD) Asperger’s is characterized by social impairment, communication difficulties, and restrictive, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior.
Attention Deficit Disorder: (Also known as ADD) Children with this condition generally have challenges paying attention to or concentrating on a given task. They also tend to move constantly and are impulsive.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: (Also known as ADHD) This is a neurodevelopmental disorder, meaning that the disorder is present at the time of birth. There are 3 types of ADHD:
- Inattentive type
- Hyperactive/Impulsive type
- Combination type
Autism Spectrum Disorder: (also known as Autism) Autism is classified as one of the pervasive developmental disorders of the brain. It is not a disease. People with classical autism show three types of symptoms …
Autophagia: A disorder where a person compelled to inflict pain upon oneself by biting and/or eating portions of their own body.
Avoidant Personality Disorder: Marked social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and extremely sensitive to criticism.

Starting With B

Barbiturate related disorders: The use of Barbiturates can lead to some of the following: Addiction to stimulants like amphetamines or methamphetamines; antisocial personality disorder; anxiety, bipolar and conduct disorders; depression, insomnia, and schizophrenia.
Benzodiazepine-related disorders: Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs prescribed due to their effectiveness in treating anxiety, and insomnia. Addiction can occur. Withdrawal symptoms include trouble sleeping, feelings of depression, and sweating.
Bereavement: A period of mourning after a loss, especially after the death of a loved one. There is no right way to experience bereavement.
Bibliomania: A passionate enthusiasm for collecting and possessing books.
Binge Eating Disorder: Binge eating disorder is an illness which resembles bulimia nervosa. It differs from bulimia because its sufferers do not purge their bodies of excess food.
Bipolar disorder (also known as Manic Depression, includes Bipolar I and Bipolar II):
- Bipolar I:
- Bipolar II:
Body Dysmorphic Disorder: This is a mental disorder where an individual can’t stop thinking about perceived defects or flaws in their appearance.
Borderline intellectual functioning: Also known as borderline mental retardation. A person has below average cognitive ability (IQ of 70-85), but not as severe as an intellectual disability (IQ below 70).

Borderline Personality Disorder: A psychological illness involving unstable moods, behavior, and relationships.
Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder: Characterized by abnormal breathing during sleep. Symptoms include snoring, apneas or daytime sleepiness.
Brief Psychotic Disorder: A psychosis that lasts less than one week that is a reaction to severe stress.
Bruxism: A condition in which you grind, gnash or clench your teeth.
Bulimia Nervosa: A type of eating disorder where a person frequently eats a large amount of food then tries to prevent weight gain with self-induced vomiting.

Starting With C

Caffeine Addiction
Cannabis Addiction
Catatonic disorder
Catatonic schizophrenia
Childhood amnesia
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (now part of Autism Spectrum Disorder)
Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder (formerly known as Stuttering)
Circadian Rhythm Disorders
Claustrophobia
Cocaine related disorders
Communication disorder
Conduct Disorder
Conversion Disorder
Cotard delusion
Cyclothymia (also known as Cyclothymic Disorder)

Starting With D

Delerium
Delusional Disorder
dementia (now known as dementia)
Dependent Personality Disorder (also known as Asthenic Personality Disorder)
Depersonalization disorder (now known as Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder)
Depression (also known as Major Depressive Disorder)
Depressive personality disorder
Derealization disorder (now known as Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder)
Dermotillomania
Desynchronosis
Developmental coordination disorder
Diogenes Syndrome
Disorder of written expression
Dispareunia
Dissocial Personality Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder)
Down syndrome
Dyslexia
Dyspareunia
Dysthymia (now known as Persistent Depressive Disorder)

Starting With E

Eating disorder NOS
Ekbom’s Syndrome (Delusional Parasitosis)
Emotionally unstable personality disorder
Encopresis
Enuresis (bedwetting)
Erotomania
Exhibitionistic Disorder
Expressive language disorder

Starting With F

Factitious Disorder
Female Sexual Disorders
Fetishistic Disorder
Folie à deux
Fregoli delusion
Frotteuristic Disorder
Fugue State

Starting With G

Ganser syndrome
Gambling Addiction
Gender Dysphoria (formerly known as Gender Identity Disorder)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
General adaptation syndrome
Grandiose delusions

Starting With H

Hallucinogen Addiction
Haltlose personality disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Primary hypersomnia
Huntington’s Disease
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Hypochondriasis
Hypomania
Hyperkinetic syndrome
Hypersomnia
Hysteria

Starting With I

Impulse control disorder
Impulse control disorder NOS
Inhalant Addiction
Insomnia
Intellectual Development Disorder
Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Starting With J

Joubert syndrome

Starting With K

Kleptomania
Korsakoff’s syndrome

Starting With L

Lacunar amnesia
Language Disorder
Learning Disorders

Starting With M

Major Depression (also known as Major Depressive Disorder)
Major depressive disorder
Male Sexual Disorders
Malingering
Mathematics disorder
Medication-related disorder
Melancholia
Mental Retardation (now known as Intellectual Development Disorder)
Misophonia
Morbid jealousy
Multiple Personality Disorder (now known as Dissociative Identity Disorder)
Munchausen Syndrome
Munchausen by Proxy

Starting With N

Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Narcolepsy
Neglect of child
Neurocognitive Disorder (formerly known as Dementia)
Neuroleptic-related disorder
Nightmare Disorder
Non Rapid Eye Movement

Starting With O

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (also known as Anankastic Personality Disorder)
Oneirophrenia
Onychophagia
Opioid Addiction
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Orthorexia (ON)

Starting With P

Pain disorder
Panic attacks
Panic Disorder
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Parkinson’s Disease
Partner relational problem
Passive-aggressive personality disorder
Pathological gambling
Pedophilic Disorder
Perfectionism
Persecutory delusion
Persistent Depressive Disorder (also known as Dysthymia)
Personality change due to a general medical condition
Personality disorder
Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)
Phencyclidine related disorder
Phobic disorder
Phonological disorder
Physical abuse
Pica
Polysubstance related disorder
Postpartum Depression
Post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED)
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Premature ejaculation
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Psychogenic amnesia
Psychological factor affecting medical condition
Psychoneurotic personality disorder
Psychotic disorder, not otherwise specified
Pyromania

Starting With Q

There Are Currently No Disorders Starting With Q

Starting With R

Reactive Attachment Disorder
Reading disorder
Recurrent brief depression
Relational disorder
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Restless Leg Syndrome
Retrograde amnesia
Retts Disorder (now part of Autism Spectrum Disorder)
Rumination syndrome

Starting With S

Sadistic personality disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Addiction
Selective Mutism
Self-defeating personality disorder
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Sexual Disorders Female
Sexual Disorders Male
Sexual Addiction
Sexual Masochism Disorder
Sexual Sadism Disorder
Shared Psychotic Disorder
Sleep Arousal Disorders
Sleep Paralysis
Sleep Terror Disorder (now part of Nightmare Disorder)
Social Anxiety Disorder
Somatization Disorder
Specific Phobias
Stendhal syndrome
Stereotypic movement disorder
Stimulant Addiction
Stuttering (now known as Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder)
Substance related disorder

Starting With T

Tardive dyskinesia
Tobacco Addiction
Tourettes Syndrome
Transient tic disorder
Transient global amnesia
Transvestic Disorder
Trichotillomania

Starting With U

Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder

Starting With V

Vaginismus
Voyeuristic Disorder

Starting With W

There Are Currently No Disorders Starting With W

Starting With X

There Are Currently No Disorders Starting With X

Starting With Y

There Are Currently No Disorders Starting With Y

Starting With Z

There Are Currently No Disorders Starting With Z

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5. Mental disorders \ ConsultantPlus

For the application of this document in relation to federal state control (supervision) of the quality and safety of medical activities, see the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 15, 2020 N 3340-r.

5. Mental disorders

Examination of citizens suffering from mental disorders is carried out after examination in an outpatient or inpatient setting in a specialized medical organization (specialized department of a medical organization). nine0003

The article covers psychoses, other mental disorders, personality and behavioral changes caused by damage and dysfunction of the brain (trauma, brain tumors, encephalitis, meningitis, neurosyphilis, as well as senile and presenile psychoses, vascular, degenerative, other organic diseases and lesions brain).

The fact of treatment (treatment) for injuries, neuroinfection, organic diseases and brain damage is confirmed by medical documents. nine0003

Item "a" includes pronounced, protracted psychotic states, as well as mental disorders, manifested by persistent, pronounced intellectual-mnestic disorders or pronounced personality changes of the psychoorganic type.

Item "b" includes conditions with moderately severe asthenic, affective, dissociative, cognitive, personality and other disorders, as well as psychotic conditions with a favorable course.

Item "c" includes transient, short-term psychotic and non-psychotic disorders arising from acute organic diseases or brain injuries, culminating in recovery or mild asthenia in the absence of signs of organic damage to the central nervous system. nine0003

Point "d" includes conditions of persistent (at least 1 year) compensation of painful manifestations after an acute illness or brain injury in the absence of mental disorders and phenomena of organic damage to the central nervous system, when there are only separate scattered organic signs, without functional impairment.

The article provides for psychoses and other mental disorders due to general infections, intoxications (except those caused by the use of psychoactive substances), somatic diseases of various origins, HIV infection, and other causes. nine0003

The documents on the results of the examination and examination indicate the reason that led to the development of a mental disorder.

Item "a" includes psychotic disorders with pronounced clinical manifestations and a long course, including those with pronounced personality changes.

Point "b" includes moderately severe or repeated psychotic and non-psychotic disorders, leading to pathological changes in the personality of an organic type or a pronounced long-term (more than 3 months) asthenic condition (cerebrosthenia), including with phenomena of organic damage to the central nervous system. nine0003

In the case of a favorable course of the disease, when there is a stable compensation of painful manifestations, officers, ensigns, midshipmen can be recognized as fit for military service with minor restrictions.

Item "c" includes moderately or slightly pronounced, protracted (up to 3 months) asthenic conditions after an infection in the absence of organic lesions of the central nervous system. In relation to persons who have suffered acute poisoning by alcohol or narcotic (toxic) substances, a conclusion on the need to grant sick leave is not issued. nine0003

Item "d" includes mental disorders resulting from an acute illness, occurring with mild and short-term (up to 2-3 weeks) asthenia and ending in recovery.

The same item includes the presence of mental disorders in the anamnesis indicated in the article in the absence of pathology from the neuropsychic sphere and internal organs. The favorable outcome of these mental disorders should be confirmed by examination in medical organizations. nine0003

The article covers reactive psychoses, neurotic, dissociative and somatoform disorders, psychogenic depressive states and reactions, neurotic personality development, chronic post-reactive personality changes, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Point "a" includes reactive states with a protracted course, as well as pronounced neurotic, dissociative and somatoform disorders that are not amenable to treatment.

Item b includes psychotic disorders:

with a short and favorable course, as well as depressive episodes of mild severity;

Moderately pronounced, prolonged or repeated neurotic disorders, when painful manifestations, despite ongoing treatment in a hospital, are persistently retained and expressed to a degree that makes it difficult for the person being examined to perform the duties of military service.

Point "c" includes moderately pronounced, short-term neurotic disorders with a favorable course, ending in compensation. nine0003

Item "d" includes mild, short-term adjustment disorders that respond well to treatment and end in recovery.

Article provides for:

personality disorders;

disorders of habits and impulses;

disorders of gender identity and sexual preference;

behavioral disorders related to sexual orientation;

behavioral and emotional disorders beginning in childhood and adolescence; nine0003

disorders of psychological development.

Examination of military personnel is carried out after examination in stationary conditions, study of personal files, service and medical characteristics.

Point "a" refers to severe, uncompensable disorders.

Item "b" includes:

moderate forms of personality disorders, manifested by affective breakdowns, reactive states, and severity of vegetative reactions; nine0003

transient (partial) personality disorders;

disorders of gender identity and sexual preference. At the same time, sexual orientation itself is not considered as a disorder.

Persons with psychopathic conditions (personality changes) causally related to specific external factors (infections, intoxications, injuries, etc.) are examined according to those articles of the disease schedule that provide for the corresponding nosological forms of neuropsychiatric pathology. nine0003

Cases of settling, deliberate behavior, manifestations of indiscipline that do not follow from the entire pathological structure of the personality, cannot be assessed as signs of a personality disorder.

The article provides for mental disorders resulting from the use of one or more psychoactive substances.

Item "a" includes chronic alcoholic psychosis, chronic alcoholism, drug addiction and substance abuse with pronounced and moderate personality changes, intellectual-mnestic disorders. nine0003

Item "b" includes:

acute alcoholic psychosis, chronic alcoholism, drug addiction and substance abuse with minor personality changes;

abuse of narcotic and toxic substances (cases of repeated use of psychoactive substances, accompanied by clear harmful consequences in the absence of dependence syndrome).

Single or episodic use of psychoactive substances (narcotic or toxic drugs) cannot serve as a basis for the application of this article. nine0003

Item "a" includes all forms of profound, severe and moderate mental retardation. With significant and obvious defects in the intellect, the issue of unfitness for military service of those examined according to column I of the schedule of diseases can be resolved without examination in stationary conditions.

Point "b" refers to mild mental retardation. When establishing a diagnosis, clinical diagnostic criteria are of decisive importance in combination with the results of an experimental psychological study of thinking and intelligence (intelligence quotient in the range of 50 - 69according to the results of a complete psychometric study of intelligence according to D. Wexler). If, when establishing this diagnosis, the results of a medical examination do not correspond to the characterizing data, an examination in stationary conditions is mandatory.

Types of mental disorders

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Types of mental disorders
Types of mental disorders

Aggressive behavior

accompanies many mental illnesses. Manifested in hostility, threats and attacks. If these symptoms arose in a person for the first time and are generally not characteristic of him, most likely, he needs to immediately consult a psychiatrist. In other cases of aggressive behavior (especially - unreasonable) consultation with a psychiatrist is also desirable.

Apathy of the mentally ill

state of indifference, detachment, loss of interest and desire to do something. It is often a manifestation of depression, while it is painfully experienced. If apathy does not burden the patient, then this may be a manifestation of another mental or neurological disease. nine0003

Autism

Autism is a condition in which a person lives in an internal or unreal (virtual) world, and not in real events. Close such a person is seen as closed, uninterested in what is happening around, closed. The world of fantasy overlaps reality, and therefore a person with autism is cold and indifferent to the people around him, including those close to him. An autistic person is often not burdened by the difficulties of social interaction and communication disorders. Autism occurs both in childhood and in adulthood, and in adults it can be not only a “continuation” of childhood autism, but also a consequence of a developed mental disorder. nine0003

Delirium tremens (delirium)

occurs mainly in patients with alcoholism, at the second or third stage of the disease. It is important to note that delirium occurs more often not in intoxication, but on the 2nd-3rd day of abstinence from alcohol after drinking (at the peak of the withdrawal syndrome). It is characterized by confusion, increased body temperature, disorientation, agitation, vision of various hallucinatory images. For patients with delirium tremens, hallucinatory images of moving animals (running rats, cockroaches, gnomes, etc.) are characteristic. Patients attract attention to themselves by their behavior: they are agitated, excited, try to catch hallucinatory images or brush them off, shake them off themselves, often talk to them. nine0127 Delirium tremens is also possible in non-drinkers, especially in children and the elderly with diseases that occur with a high temperature. Thus, delirium tremens is a sign of intoxication of the body.

Insomnia

in chronically current mental disorders is an indicator of deterioration in mental well-being, since it often appears before all other symptoms.

Crazy ideas (strange judgments, delirium)

are most often perceived by close and surrounding people as strange judgments that do not correspond to reality. At the same time, a person with delusions cannot be persuaded, even if he does not know what to object to attempts to persuade him. Crazy ideas don't need proof. It is rather "knowledge", conviction. Because of this, the behavior of a person with delusional ideas is determined by the content of these ideas. According to the content, the main forms of delusions can be divided into delusions of persecution (what is popularly called “persecution mania”: the patient is pursued by special services or other organizations, they try to poison or rob relatives or neighbors; people on the street somehow in a special way, look unfriendly and whisper about him), delusions of grandeur (the patient is the heir to the royal family, the inventor of the time machine or the law of immortality, the ruler of the world, sometimes the messenger of God or God himself, or the devil, etc. ) and delusions of self-abasement (accusing oneself of sins, numerous errors, delirium of a physical defect). A patient with delusional judgments needs to be treated by a psychiatrist. nine0003

Excitement or agitation

frequent and rather dangerous signs of mental disorders. Accompany anxiety, depression, psychotic states. With motor arousal in depressed patients, one should be on the alert: suicidal actions are possible. You should also be especially attentive to patients with psychotic arousal: impulsive (unpredictable), including aggressive actions are frequent, which can be dangerous both for the patient and for his environment. nine0003

Hallucinations

perception of something that is not really there. Hallucinations are:
- visual (a person "sees" something that is not there: animals running around the house, people, paintings, sometimes whole panoramas: landscapes, battles),
- auditory (a person "hears" extraneous sounds - music, rustles , voices; at the same time, sounds can be localized both in external space: from the corner of the room, behind the wall, from the street, and inside the head, less often - another part of the body),
- olfactory (perception of foreign odors, more often - unpleasant)
- gustatory (strange, often unpleasant taste sensations)
- tactile (for example, the sensation of insects “crawling” on the skin; accompanied by scratching, is a sign of serious intoxication)

Dementia (dementia)

, deterioration in the ability to judge and infer. It usually occurs in old age. It can begin imperceptibly: with difficulty remembering words, narrowing the scope of attention, a slight change in mood (quick transitions from tearfulness to joy and back). The character gradually changes: the person becomes more stubborn, but at the same time more suggestible. The vocabulary is depleted, the stock of knowledge is depleted. The most common cause of dementia is damage to the cerebral vessels by an atherosclerotic process, as a result of which the vessels become narrower and blood flow to the brain tissues worsens. Having noticed in time, such changes can be stopped by properly selected therapy (which will also be the prevention of strokes). However, you should be careful if someone close to you has such changes in adulthood and unfolds very quickly: this may be a more complex disease (for example, Alzheimer's disease). nine0003

Dysmorphophobia / dysmorphomania

experiences, the content of which is the belief in one's own physical inferiority: a cosmetic defect, overweight, bad smell, in a word, a repulsive appearance. If a defect in appearance really does take place, and in a person’s life this circumstance is predominant, then we are talking about dysmorphophobia (a neurotic level of disorder). If there is actually no defect in appearance, or it is, but not so significant, and at the same time the person is downright convinced of his own ugliness, is seized by ideas of a physical defect, goes to doctors and even undergoes surgery with plastic surgeons, or falls into anorexia ( when convinced of excessive fullness), then here we are talking about dysmorphomania (delusional level of disorders). nine0003

Hypochondria

state of increased concern about one's health. In this case, the disease of the body may or may not be present. A person suffering from hypochondria, as a rule, is afraid of a specific disease, but can also "generally" feel sick and "find" various diseases in himself (Moliere's "imaginary patient"). He constantly listens to his inner feelings and cannot experience pleasure simply from the process of life. In general, hypochondria can be described as "the experience of Illness." nine0003

Treatment of anorexia

stubborn desire to limit oneself in food intake in order to lose weight. Often accompanied by the induction of artificial vomiting after eating, overly active physical exercises, taking large doses of laxatives. It occurs both with increased and with normal body weight. It is observed more often in girls. It is important to note that at first, anorexic behavior is carefully hidden from others, and is recognized by loved ones already at the stage of severe exhaustion. nine0003

Treatment of bulimia

How do you know if a person has bulimia? Often a person does not admit to the last that he overeats, tries to keep his addiction a secret. He is sure that he can solve the problem of nutrition on his own, by an effort of will. Signs of bulimia. Wolf hunger is a condition in which there is an uncontrolled intake of a huge amount of food. The lack of selectivity in food is characteristic, while saturation is not felt. As a rule, it occurs after a period of strict food abstinence, and, in fact, is the “back side” of anorexia. nine0003

Treatment of chronic depression

Not all depression can be cured by psychotherapy alone. Sometimes a temporary intake of specially selected drugs is required. Signs of the severity of depression are: suicidal tendencies, a feeling of despair, self-accusatory statements, anxious arousal, a feeling of general bodily change, physically experienced longing, as well as a painful loss of emotions (love, joy, compassion).

Persecution mania

without good reason are signs of a mental disorder. Such patients often hide their experiences, and then these disorders can be suspected by their behavior: a wary look, anxiety, fearfulness, absent-mindedness, window coverings, listening to something. nine0003

Unexplained somatic complaints

it happens (and more often lately) that a person feels physically ill, but no doctor finds a pathology in him. In this case, consultation with a psychiatrist is necessary: depression, neurosis, and an unresolved internal conflict may be hidden behind inexplicable somatic complaints.

Sloppiness (neglect of hygiene)

occurs in patients with depression, psychosis, as well as chronically ongoing mental illness (schizophrenia, progressive dementia). nine0003

Fatigue

Fatigue can be a sign of both physical illness and mental illness. It is often noted in disorders of the depressive circle, while the patient may not feel a noticeable decrease in mood, but feels increasing lethargy, fatigue, inability to cope with the usual stress.

Loss of memory

is typical for the elderly, as well as those who have suffered severe traumatic brain injury, patients with alcoholism. It is a sign of a brain disease (vascular damage by atherosclerosis, atrophic processes in the cerebral cortex, past brain injuries, alcohol intoxication). nine0127 In vascular diseases in the elderly, forgetfulness of current and recent events and facts is characteristic, inability to learn new things. At the same time, the memory of long-standing events can remain intact for a very long time.
With atrophic processes in the brain, memory loss can be very rapid and abrupt. In this case, the onset of the disease in adulthood (45-55 years) is possible. In such cases, you should not delay contacting a specialist.

Psychosis

is a fairly severe disorder of mental activity, the treatment of which is carried out mainly by medication. Family members of the affected person may seek help for unexplained behavioral changes, including bizarre or threatening behavior (withdrawal, suspicion, threats). Signs that should alert in terms of the development of a psychotic state: hallucinations (false or imagined sensations, for example, perceiving voices when no one is around), delusions (uncorrectable deliberately false beliefs, for example, the patient may be sure that he is being poisoned neighbors, that he receives messages from television or that he is being watched in a special way), agitation or unusual behavior, strange statements, sudden changes or instability of the emotional state. It should be noted that upon leaving the psychotic state, patients need psychotherapeutic assistance aimed at forming a critical attitude towards their disorders, improving socialization, and learning to recognize the first signs of a deterioration in mental well-being (prevention of recurrent psychoses). nine0003

Latent depression

acts not as a clear depression of mood and other mental functions, but as an internal bodily ill-being affecting various organs, functions, systems. Thus, depression can disguise itself as diseases of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and nervous systems. The well-known “pain of unclear etiology” (a diagnosis often encountered in the practice of therapists) often has the same nature.

Anguish

an oppressive painful feeling, which is often experienced as "constriction", heaviness in the chest. Longing is much more intense than such worldly emotions as sadness or sadness. It often happens with depression and can occur without a significant reason. nine0003

Anxiety in psychiatry

Uncertainty, suspense, feeling that something is about to happen. In other words, it is an emotional experience characterized by discomfort from the uncertainty of perspective. This is the most important human emotion, closely related to the need for security. Anxiety is sometimes felt bodily, like itching, excitement in the chest, internal trembling, and is often combined with motor excitement.

Epileptic seizure

in its most typical form is characterized by an abrupt onset: a person screams, loses consciousness, falls, then sharply strains, sometimes turns blue, followed by convulsions. After a seizure, a person is usually lethargic, lethargic and drowsy. This is the so-called convulsive seizure. However, often epileptic seizures are non-convulsive in nature, occur without a fall and may escape the attention of the patient's relatives. Signals indicating the need to see a doctor are:
- any sharp falls with loss of consciousness (even without convulsions),
- a tendency to suddenly “freeze” and “turn off” (sometimes for seconds, while stereotypical movements of the hands, head, facial muscles of the face are possible; this feature can be observed during a conversation , performing everyday activities),
- loss of memory of some events, facts when a person was not drunk, could walk, perform some actions, which he later cannot remember anything about.