Bipolar one or two
Bipolar 1 vs. Bipolar 2: Know the Difference
Understanding bipolar disorder
Most people have emotional ups and downs from time to time. But if you have a brain condition called bipolar disorder, your feelings can reach abnormally high or low levels.
Sometimes you may feel immensely excited or energetic. Other times, you may find yourself sinking into a deep depression. Some of these emotional peaks and valleys can last for weeks or months.
There are four basic types of bipolar disorder:
- bipolar 1 disorder
- bipolar 2 disorder
- cyclothymic disorder (cyclothymia)
- other specified and unspecified bipolar and related disorders
Bipolar 1 and 2 disorders are more common than the other types of bipolar disorder. Read on to learn how these two types are alike and different.
All types of bipolar disorder are characterized by episodes of extreme mood. The highs are known as manic episodes. The lows are known as depressive episodes.
The main difference between bipolar 1 and bipolar 2 disorders lies in the severity of the manic episodes caused by each type.
A person with bipolar 1 will experience a full manic episode, while a person with bipolar 2 will experience only a hypomanic episode (a period that’s less severe than a full manic episode).
A person with bipolar 1 may or may not experience a major depressive episode, while a person with bipolar 2 will experience a major depressive episode.
What is bipolar 1 disorder?
You must have had at least one manic episode to be diagnosed with bipolar 1 disorder. A person with bipolar 1 disorder may or may not have a major depressive episode. The symptoms of a manic episode may be so severe that you require hospital care.
Manic episodes are usually characterized by the following:
- exceptional energy
- restlessness
- trouble concentrating
- feelings of euphoria (extreme happiness)
- risky behaviors
- poor sleep
The symptoms of a manic episode tend to be so obvious and intrusive that there’s little doubt that something is wrong.
What is bipolar 2 disorder?
Bipolar 2 disorder involves a major depressive episode lasting at least two weeks and at least one hypomanic episode (a period that’s less severe than a full-blown manic episode). People with bipolar 2 typically don’t experience manic episodes intense enough to require hospitalization.
Bipolar 2 is sometimes misdiagnosed as depression, as depressive symptoms may be the major symptom at the time the person seeks medical attention. When there are no manic episodes to suggest bipolar disorder, the depressive symptoms become the focus.
As mentioned above, bipolar 1 disorder causes mania and may cause depression, while bipolar 2 disorder causes hypomania and depression. Let’s learn more about what these symptoms mean.
Mania
A manic episode is more than just a feeling of elation, high energy, or being distracted. During a manic episode, the mania is so intense that it can interfere with your daily activities. It’s difficult to redirect someone in a manic episode toward a calmer, more reasonable state.
People who are in the manic phase of bipolar disorder can make some very irrational decisions, such as spending large amounts of money that they can’t afford to spend. They may also engage in high-risk behaviors, such as sexual indiscretions despite being in a committed relationship.
An episode can’t be officially deemed manic if it’s caused by outside influences such as alcohol, drugs, or another health condition.
Hypomania
A hypomanic episode is a period of mania that’s less severe than a full-blown manic episode. Though less severe than a manic episode, a hypomanic phase is still an event in which your behavior differs from your normal state. The differences will be extreme enough that people around you may notice that something is wrong.
Officially, a hypomanic episode isn’t considered hypomania if it’s influenced by drugs or alcohol.
Depression
Depressive symptoms in someone with bipolar disorder are like those of someone with clinical depression.
They may include extended periods of sadness and hopelessness. You may also experience a loss of interest in people you once enjoyed spending time with and activities you used to like. Other symptoms include:
- tiredness
- irritability
- trouble concentrating
- changes in sleeping habits
- changes in eating habits
- thoughts of suicide
Scientists don’t know what causes bipolar disorder. Abnormal physical characteristics of the brain or an imbalance in certain brain chemicals may be among the main causes.
As with many medical conditions, bipolar disorder tends to run in families. If you have a parent or sibling with bipolar disorder, your risk of developing it is higher. The search continues for the genes which may be responsible for bipolar disorder.
Researchers also believe that severe stress, drug or alcohol abuse, or severely upsetting experiences may trigger bipolar disorder. These experiences can include childhood abuse or the death of a loved one.
A psychiatrist or other mental health professional typically diagnoses bipolar disorder. The diagnosis will include a review of both your medical history and any symptoms you have that are related to mania and depression. A trained professional will know what questions to ask.
It can be very helpful to bring a spouse or close friend with you during the doctor’s visit. They may be able to answer questions about your behavior that you may not be able to answer easily or accurately.
If you have symptoms that seem like bipolar 1 or bipolar 2, you can always start by telling your doctor. Your doctor may refer you to a mental health specialist if your symptoms appear serious enough.
A blood test may also be part of the diagnostic process. There are no markers for bipolar disorder in the blood, but a blood test and a comprehensive physical exam may help rule out other possible causes for your behavior.
Doctors usually treat bipolar disorder with a combination of medications and psychotherapy.
Mood stabilizers are often the first drugs used in treatment. You may take these for a long time.
Lithium has been a widely used mood stabilizer for many years. It does have several potential side effects. These include low thyroid function, joint pain, and indigestion. It also requires blood tests to monitor therapeutic levels of the drug as well as kidney function. Antipsychotics can be used to treat manic episodes.
Your doctor may start you on a low dose of whichever medication you both decide to use in order to see how you respond. You may need a stronger dose than what they initially prescribe. You may also need a combination of medications or even different medications to control your symptoms.
All medications have potential side effects and interactions with other drugs. If you’re pregnant or you take other medications, be sure to tell your doctor before taking any new medications.
Writing in a diary can be an especially helpful part of your treatment.
Keeping track of your moods, sleeping and eating patterns, and significant life events can help you and your doctor understand how therapy and medications are working.
If your symptoms don’t improve or get worse, your doctor may order a change in your medications or a different type of psychotherapy.
Online therapy options
Read our review of the best online therapy options to find the right fit for you.
Bipolar disorder isn’t curable. But with proper treatment and support from family and friends, you can manage your symptoms and maintain your quality of life.
It’s important that you follow your doctor’s instructions regarding medications and other lifestyle choices. This includes:
- alcohol use
- drug use
- exercise
- diet
- sleep
- stress reduction
Including your friends and family members in your care can be especially helpful.
It’s also helpful to learn as much as you can about bipolar disorder.
The more you know about the condition, the more in control you may feel as you adjust to life after diagnosis.
You may be able to repair strained relationships. Educating others about bipolar disorder may make them more understanding of hurtful events from the past.
Support groups, both online and in person, can be helpful for people with bipolar disorder. They can also be beneficial for your friends and relatives. Learning about others’ struggles and triumphs may help you get through any challenges you may have.
The Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance maintains a website that provides:
- personal stories from people with bipolar disorder
- contact information for support groups across the United States
- information about the condition and treatments
- material for caregivers and loved ones of those with bipolar disorder
The National Alliance on Mental Illness can also help you find support groups in your area. Good information about bipolar disorder and other conditions can also be found on its website.
If you’ve been diagnosed with bipolar 1 or bipolar 2, you should always remember that this is a condition you can manage. You aren’t alone. Talk to your doctor or call a local hospital to find out about support groups or other local resources.
Bipolar 1 vs. Bipolar 2: Know the Difference
Understanding bipolar disorder
Most people have emotional ups and downs from time to time. But if you have a brain condition called bipolar disorder, your feelings can reach abnormally high or low levels.
Sometimes you may feel immensely excited or energetic. Other times, you may find yourself sinking into a deep depression. Some of these emotional peaks and valleys can last for weeks or months.
There are four basic types of bipolar disorder:
- bipolar 1 disorder
- bipolar 2 disorder
- cyclothymic disorder (cyclothymia)
- other specified and unspecified bipolar and related disorders
Bipolar 1 and 2 disorders are more common than the other types of bipolar disorder.
Read on to learn how these two types are alike and different.
All types of bipolar disorder are characterized by episodes of extreme mood. The highs are known as manic episodes. The lows are known as depressive episodes.
The main difference between bipolar 1 and bipolar 2 disorders lies in the severity of the manic episodes caused by each type.
A person with bipolar 1 will experience a full manic episode, while a person with bipolar 2 will experience only a hypomanic episode (a period that’s less severe than a full manic episode).
A person with bipolar 1 may or may not experience a major depressive episode, while a person with bipolar 2 will experience a major depressive episode.
What is bipolar 1 disorder?
You must have had at least one manic episode to be diagnosed with bipolar 1 disorder. A person with bipolar 1 disorder may or may not have a major depressive episode. The symptoms of a manic episode may be so severe that you require hospital care.
Manic episodes are usually characterized by the following:
- exceptional energy
- restlessness
- trouble concentrating
- feelings of euphoria (extreme happiness)
- risky behaviors
- poor sleep
The symptoms of a manic episode tend to be so obvious and intrusive that there’s little doubt that something is wrong.
What is bipolar 2 disorder?
Bipolar 2 disorder involves a major depressive episode lasting at least two weeks and at least one hypomanic episode (a period that’s less severe than a full-blown manic episode). People with bipolar 2 typically don’t experience manic episodes intense enough to require hospitalization.
Bipolar 2 is sometimes misdiagnosed as depression, as depressive symptoms may be the major symptom at the time the person seeks medical attention. When there are no manic episodes to suggest bipolar disorder, the depressive symptoms become the focus.
As mentioned above, bipolar 1 disorder causes mania and may cause depression, while bipolar 2 disorder causes hypomania and depression.
Let’s learn more about what these symptoms mean.
Mania
A manic episode is more than just a feeling of elation, high energy, or being distracted. During a manic episode, the mania is so intense that it can interfere with your daily activities. It’s difficult to redirect someone in a manic episode toward a calmer, more reasonable state.
People who are in the manic phase of bipolar disorder can make some very irrational decisions, such as spending large amounts of money that they can’t afford to spend. They may also engage in high-risk behaviors, such as sexual indiscretions despite being in a committed relationship.
An episode can’t be officially deemed manic if it’s caused by outside influences such as alcohol, drugs, or another health condition.
Hypomania
A hypomanic episode is a period of mania that’s less severe than a full-blown manic episode. Though less severe than a manic episode, a hypomanic phase is still an event in which your behavior differs from your normal state.
The differences will be extreme enough that people around you may notice that something is wrong.
Officially, a hypomanic episode isn’t considered hypomania if it’s influenced by drugs or alcohol.
Depression
Depressive symptoms in someone with bipolar disorder are like those of someone with clinical depression. They may include extended periods of sadness and hopelessness. You may also experience a loss of interest in people you once enjoyed spending time with and activities you used to like. Other symptoms include:
- tiredness
- irritability
- trouble concentrating
- changes in sleeping habits
- changes in eating habits
- thoughts of suicide
Scientists don’t know what causes bipolar disorder. Abnormal physical characteristics of the brain or an imbalance in certain brain chemicals may be among the main causes.
As with many medical conditions, bipolar disorder tends to run in families. If you have a parent or sibling with bipolar disorder, your risk of developing it is higher.
The search continues for the genes which may be responsible for bipolar disorder.
Researchers also believe that severe stress, drug or alcohol abuse, or severely upsetting experiences may trigger bipolar disorder. These experiences can include childhood abuse or the death of a loved one.
A psychiatrist or other mental health professional typically diagnoses bipolar disorder. The diagnosis will include a review of both your medical history and any symptoms you have that are related to mania and depression. A trained professional will know what questions to ask.
It can be very helpful to bring a spouse or close friend with you during the doctor’s visit. They may be able to answer questions about your behavior that you may not be able to answer easily or accurately.
If you have symptoms that seem like bipolar 1 or bipolar 2, you can always start by telling your doctor. Your doctor may refer you to a mental health specialist if your symptoms appear serious enough.
A blood test may also be part of the diagnostic process.
There are no markers for bipolar disorder in the blood, but a blood test and a comprehensive physical exam may help rule out other possible causes for your behavior.
Doctors usually treat bipolar disorder with a combination of medications and psychotherapy.
Mood stabilizers are often the first drugs used in treatment. You may take these for a long time.
Lithium has been a widely used mood stabilizer for many years. It does have several potential side effects. These include low thyroid function, joint pain, and indigestion. It also requires blood tests to monitor therapeutic levels of the drug as well as kidney function. Antipsychotics can be used to treat manic episodes.
Your doctor may start you on a low dose of whichever medication you both decide to use in order to see how you respond. You may need a stronger dose than what they initially prescribe. You may also need a combination of medications or even different medications to control your symptoms.
All medications have potential side effects and interactions with other drugs.
If you’re pregnant or you take other medications, be sure to tell your doctor before taking any new medications.
Writing in a diary can be an especially helpful part of your treatment. Keeping track of your moods, sleeping and eating patterns, and significant life events can help you and your doctor understand how therapy and medications are working.
If your symptoms don’t improve or get worse, your doctor may order a change in your medications or a different type of psychotherapy.
Online therapy options
Read our review of the best online therapy options to find the right fit for you.
Bipolar disorder isn’t curable. But with proper treatment and support from family and friends, you can manage your symptoms and maintain your quality of life.
It’s important that you follow your doctor’s instructions regarding medications and other lifestyle choices. This includes:
- alcohol use
- drug use
- exercise
- diet
- sleep
- stress reduction
Including your friends and family members in your care can be especially helpful.
It’s also helpful to learn as much as you can about bipolar disorder. The more you know about the condition, the more in control you may feel as you adjust to life after diagnosis.
You may be able to repair strained relationships. Educating others about bipolar disorder may make them more understanding of hurtful events from the past.
Support groups, both online and in person, can be helpful for people with bipolar disorder. They can also be beneficial for your friends and relatives. Learning about others’ struggles and triumphs may help you get through any challenges you may have.
The Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance maintains a website that provides:
- personal stories from people with bipolar disorder
- contact information for support groups across the United States
- information about the condition and treatments
- material for caregivers and loved ones of those with bipolar disorder
The National Alliance on Mental Illness can also help you find support groups in your area.
Good information about bipolar disorder and other conditions can also be found on its website.
If you’ve been diagnosed with bipolar 1 or bipolar 2, you should always remember that this is a condition you can manage. You aren’t alone. Talk to your doctor or call a local hospital to find out about support groups or other local resources.
Bipolar Disorder | Symptoms, complications, diagnosis and treatment
Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). Episodes of mood swings may occur infrequently or several times a year.
When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When the mood shifts to mania or hypomania (less extreme than mania), you may feel euphoric, full of energy or unusually irritable. These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, alertness, judgment, behavior, and the ability to think clearly.
Although bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, you can manage your mood swings and other symptoms by following a treatment plan. In most cases, bipolar disorder is treated with medication and psychological counseling (psychotherapy).
Symptoms
There are several types of bipolar and related disorders. They may include mania, hypomania, and depression. The symptoms can lead to unpredictable changes in mood and behavior, leading to significant stress and difficulty in life.
- Bipolar disorder I. You have had at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or accompanied by hypomanic or major depressive episodes. In some cases, mania can cause a break with reality (psychosis).
- Bipolar disorder II. You have had at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but never had a manic episode.
- Cyclothymic disorder. You have had at least two years - or one year in children and adolescents - many periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms (though less severe than major depression).
- Other types. These include, for example, bipolar and related disorders caused by certain drugs or alcohol, or due to health conditions such as Cushing's disease, multiple sclerosis, or stroke.
Bipolar II is not a milder form of Bipolar I but is a separate diagnosis. Although bipolar I manic episodes can be severe and dangerous, people with bipolar II can be depressed for longer periods of time, which can cause significant impairment.
Although bipolar disorder can occur at any age, it is usually diagnosed in adolescence or early twenties. Symptoms can vary from person to person, and symptoms can change over time.
Mania and hypomania
Mania and hypomania are two different types of episodes, but they share the same symptoms. Mania is more pronounced than hypomania and causes more noticeable problems at work, school, and social activities, as well as relationship difficulties. Mania can also cause a break with reality (psychosis) and require hospitalization.
Both a manic episode and a hypomanic episode include three or more of these symptoms:
- Abnormally optimistic or nervous
- Increased activity, energy or excitement
- Exaggerated sense of well-being and self-confidence (euphoria)
- Reduced need for sleep
- Unusual talkativeness
- Distractibility
- Poor decision-making - for example, in speculation, in sexual encounters or in irrational investments
Major depressive episode
Major depressive episode includes symptoms that are severe enough to cause noticeable difficulty in daily activities such as work, school, social activities, or relationships. Episode includes five or more of these symptoms:
- Depressed mood, such as feeling sad, empty, hopeless, or tearful (in children and adolescents, depressed mood may manifest as irritability)
- Marked loss of interest or feeling of displeasure in all (or nearly all) activities
- Significant weight loss with no diet, weight gain, or decreased or increased appetite (in children, failure to gain weight as expected may be a sign of depression)
- Either insomnia or sleeping too much
- Either anxiety or slow behavior
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
- Decreased ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
- Thinking, planning or attempting suicide
Other features of bipolar disorder
Signs and symptoms of bipolar I and bipolar II disorder may include other signs such as anxiety disorder, melancholia, psychosis, or others.
The timing of symptoms may include diagnostic markers such as mixed or fast cycling. In addition, bipolar symptoms may occur during pregnancy or with the change of seasons.
When to see a doctor
Despite extreme moods, people with bipolar disorder often do not realize how much their emotional instability disrupts their lives and the lives of their loved ones and do not receive the necessary treatment.
And if you are like people with bipolar disorder, you can enjoy feelings of euphoria and be more productive. However, this euphoria is always accompanied by an emotional disaster that can leave you depressed and possibly in financial, legal, or other bad relationships.
If you have symptoms of depression or mania, see your doctor or mental health professional. Bipolar disorder does not improve on its own. Getting mental health treatment with a history of bipolar disorder can help control your symptoms.
two poles - one exit
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Bipolar disorder: two poles - one exit
Bipolar disorder: two poles - one exit
Bipolar disorder: two poles-one exit
Sputnik radio, 05.24.2021
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Change only makes it worse? Signs and Treatments for Bipolar Disorder
How often should my mood change from bad to good and back again? Only the person himself can answer this question: the time during which he comes to his senses after a long despondency or unexpected failure is individual. Some may need a day, others this way in an hour and a half.
But sooner or later stabilization comes. Unless we are talking about bipolar affective disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive psychosis. In this case, depression is replaced by a no less debilitating state - mania, when in euphoria a person stops sleeping for a sufficient amount of time, inadequately overestimates his own strengths and abilities, and in an unclear emotional outburst commits rash acts. And then again comes a breakdown, again depression. Both phases of bipolar disorder are difficult to endure not only for those who suffer from it, but also for those around them. That is why relatives bring the patient to a consultation with a psychiatrist for the first time. But how to understand that it is time to go to the doctor and break this vicious circle of changing your mental state - after all, in a state of depression there is no strength for this, and in a state of mania - not at all up to this? How is this disorder treated and does it threaten to have to be registered in a dispensary and be observed there all the time? We talk about this in the podcast "Doctor, what's wrong with me?".
Guest - psychiatrist, author of the blog "Psychiatrist online" Dmitry Zanosov.
audio/mpeg
Will tomorrow be better than today, but will today be worse than yesterday? The human psyche is designed in such a way that it is subject to mood swings and a series of emotions. Both positive and bad. There are no signs of any deviation in this. Except in the case when a person is in a state of bipolar affective disorder, which affects two to five percent of the world's population. Then his mental state consists of two phases. One of them is depression, when a person loses the desire to live, he is captivated by pessimistic thoughts, sometimes he does not find the strength not only to go to work, but even just get out of bed and cook himself a meal. One day - sometimes suddenly - this state is reversed. Another phase begins, which is called mania or euphoria: the mood is always above average, the whole world seems friendly and filled with light and love, only four hours of sleep are enough, a person is ready for thoughtless spending, for uncontrolled personal connections, he has a lot of ideas .
.. Until then until the body's resources are exhausted, and then there will be a click again - depression again. But how can you tell a normal (albeit violent) mood swing from a bipolar disorder? Says psychiatrist, author of the blog "Psychiatrist Online" Dmitry Zanosov: As soon as you start not to sleep at night because of endlessly interesting new ideas and suffocate with love for everyone around you, you should immediately go to a doctor's consultation - experienced patients say so who have themselves experienced bipolar disorder, adding that the stronger and brighter the euphoria phase, the deeper, more painful and longer the depression will be. But not everyone is ready to admit that they are sick and need help, says psychiatrist Dmitry Zanosov: Sometimes a person in a state of euphoria or depression is brought to the doctor by relatives. In the first case, because they get tired of a constantly sleepless, unreasonably energetic, thoughtless act of a loved one. In the second - because of fears for his life.
The task of the doctor is to level the mood of the patient. Psychiatrist Dmitry Zanosov - about how this is possible: About in which cases you should not, waving your hand at yourself, refuse to consult a psychiatrist, how bipolar disorder is now treated and what symptoms you can’t miss so that you don’t have to excruciatingly long to get out of pits of depression, we tell in the podcast "Doctor, what's wrong with me?". Short and to the point. Only selected quotes in our Telegram channel.
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society, health, mentality, podcasts – sputnik radio, people
Said on air, Society, Health, Psyche, Podcasts - Radio Sputnik, Man
Will tomorrow be better than today, and today worse than yesterday? The human psyche is designed in such a way that it is subject to mood swings and a series of emotions.
Both positive and bad. There are no signs of any deviation in this. Aug 11, 2019 All you need is a pen and paper for this.
Except when a person is in a state of bipolar affective disorder, which affects two to five percent of the world's population. Then his mental state consists of two phases. One of them is depression, when a person loses the desire to live, he is captivated by pessimistic thoughts, sometimes he does not find the strength not only to go to work, but even just get out of bed and cook himself a meal. One day - sometimes suddenly - this state is reversed.
Another phase begins, which is called mania or euphoria: the mood is always above average, the whole world seems friendly and filled with light and love, only four hours of sleep are enough, a person is ready for thoughtless spending, for uncontrolled personal connections, he has a lot of ideas ... Until then until the resources of the body are exhausted, and then again there will be a click - again depression.
But how can you tell a normal (albeit violent) mood swing from a bipolar disorder? Psychiatrist, author of the Psychiatr Online blog Dmitry Zanosov says:
" It is worth starting with the fact that the mood should change in principle. And the fact that you can subjectively feel that today is not the same as it was yesterday, this does not mean any disorder. We are talking about a disorder in psychiatry only in the case when your adaptation is disturbed, when this mood, at least, interferes with work, at the maximum, with the family.Perhaps, because of this mood, you either buy something unnecessary and lose all the money in the casino, or lie down and you can't get out of bed, you can't cook your own food, in which case we can talk about disorder."
As soon as you start to stay up at night because of endlessly interesting new ideas and suffocate with love for everyone around you, you should immediately go to a doctor’s consultation - this is what experienced patients who have experienced bipolar disorder themselves say, adding at the same time that the stronger and brighter the phase of euphoria, the deeper, more painful and longer the depression will be.
But not everyone is ready to admit that they are sick and need help, says psychiatrist Dmitry Zanosov:
I will take the pills, I won't get depressed, but I won't be euphoric either.Of course, it's up to the patient to decide, but we can't say for sure if there will be more seizures if he stops taking the medication, but there is always a chance of their recurrence. if this probability can cause a person's maladjustment, loss of time, loss of life, or even suicide, then it is recommended to treat it."
November 23, 2019, 03:00 Said on air
Migrating depression? Relatives may be responsible. Depression is not exactly, and often not at all, what many call this word. Psychiatrist, psychotherapist Yevgeny Fomin told radio Sputnik about the various causes of depression and how not to succumb to it.
Sometimes a person in a state of euphoria or depression is brought to the doctor by relatives. In the first case, because they get tired of a constantly sleepless, unreasonably energetic, thoughtless act of a loved one.
