Auditory visual hallucination

Hallucinations and hearing voices

Hallucinations refer to the experience of hearing, seeing or smelling things that are not there.

Often, these can be as intense and as real as sensory perceptions. There are different types of hallucinations.

Hearing voices speaking when there is no-one there is known as an auditory hallucination. Voices can talk about very personal matters, which can be quite frightening. Often, other sounds like music, animal calls and the telephone ringing can be heard. These may be experienced as coming from anywhere in external space or ‘in the mind’. The noise volume varies from very quiet to very loud. The experience is different for different people.

Seeing images when there is nothing in the environment to account for it is a visual hallucination. Simple visual hallucinations may include flashes or geometric shapes. Complex visual hallucinations may show faces, animals or scenes and may be called ‘visions’.
Other types of hallucinations include feelings on the skin, smelling or tasting things that cannot be explained.

Causes of hallucinations

Intense negative emotions such as stress or grief can make people particularly vulnerable to hallucinations, as can conditions such as hearing or vision loss, and drugs or alcohol. It is believed that the mental processes which operate during hallucinations include memories and images which the brain has difficulty controlling. The way that individuals react to their hallucinations also impacts on how they feel about them.

People who are at increased risk of hallucinations

Hallucinations occur frequently in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic disorder and borderline personality disorder, as well as in other disorders such as dementia and Parkinson’s. Auditory hallucinations are typically more common in psychiatric disease, and visual hallucinations in disorders of old age,

People who experience hallucinations do not necessarily suffer from a mental illness. It is quite common for people in the general population to experience passing and infrequent episodes of hallucination, and many people recover completely. People who have ongoing experiences which are distressing should seek professional advice.

Signs and symptoms

It is possible to lead a productive and meaningful life with hallucinations. For many, however, hallucinated voices or visions can be distressing and worrying. If you are troubled by hallucinations, it is best to seek help from your GP or mental health services, as they will help to work out what is causing the problem.

Treatment of hallucinations

There are different treatment options depending on the cause of hallucinations. Forms of help include psychological therapies and medications. A well-organised system of help from friends, family and professionals provides the most effective treatment option.

Living with hallucinations

Everyday strategies are very helpful for coping with hallucinations. These include:

Connecting with people with similar experiences.
Knowing that friends and/or family are there to provide support.
Finding a meaning and purpose in your life.
Accepting that it is an aspect of your personality which makes you who you are.
Understanding that many people with hallucinations live happy and successful lives.

Practical advice for family and friends

Accept that the person is experiencing voices or visions. These experiences are like real perceptions and can be very puzzling and frightening. Showing love and support will help the person to feel safe expressing their concerns to you.
Encourage the person to describe their experiences. What is it like? Do they hear different voices? What do the voices say? These may account for feelings and emotions.
Suggest that the person might be able to draw on their own particular strength to help them cope with or overcome the hallucinations. Their strengths may include problem solving), the practice of relaxation techniques, or verbalising their emotions.
Do fun things together.
Encourage the person to meet other people who experience hallucinations, and to read on the topic.
Encourage people to attend support groups such as the Hearing Voices Network Australia (external site).

Where to get help

See your GP or mental health worker
Ring healthdirect Australia on 1800 022 222
RuralLink for Rural and remote areas 1800 552 002.

Acknowledgements

Clinical Research Centre

This publication is provided for education and information purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical care. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not imply endorsement and is not intended to replace advice from your healthcare professional. Readers should note that over time currency and completeness of the information may change. All users should seek advice from a qualified healthcare professional for a diagnosis and answers to their medical questions.

Visual Hallucinations: Differential Diagnosis and Treatment

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Causes and symptoms of hallucinations. What to do and how to fight?

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In the process of hallucinations, a person sees or hears something that does not exist in reality. The phenomenon occurs for various reasons, it is important to understand in a timely manner why such a state occurs, how it develops and what to do about it.

What are hallucinations, what are they?

Hallucinations are images that appear in the human mind. Most often, these are symptoms of a psychological illness. A person may also experience auditory hallucinations. In healthy people, hallucinations can also occur, but as a result of severe overwork of the body. If this condition is not uncommon for you, then you should think about treatment.

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Symptoms and signs of hallucinations

In simple terms, hallucinations occur as a result of a failure of any system responsible for the perception of the surrounding world. So some visual objects may seem to the patient or auditory perception may be distorted. Hallucinations are diagnosed by a psychiatrist.

Most often, at the initial stage, such hallucinations occur with closed eyes, when a person goes to sleep. This is preceded by frequent abuse of alcohol or drugs.

Hallucinations are true and false. The difference is this: true hallucinations - a person is confident in their reality, and does not question the fact that they do not exist in reality, and this is the result of a failure in his perceptual system. The patient sees such phenomena in the world around him.

False hallucinations occur in the person's head. For example, the patient hears voices in his head, he may believe that someone communicates with him mentally and influences his condition and decisions. Such conditions are associated with schizophrenia.

Types of hallucinations

To understand what to work with, hallucinations must be classified into certain types.

It must also be said that all hallucinations are divided into 2 types.

True hallucinations - a person perceives false objects in the surrounding world and believes that they are part of reality.
False - the distortion of reality occurs in the patient's head. imply

Hallucinations can be simple or complex. Those. the failure may affect one or more organs of perception. And the more organs are subject to hallucinations, the more difficult the treatment is.

Visual hallucinations

As a result, false images of objects, people, living beings, various objects appear in the human mind, but the patient perceives them as part of reality. In addition, a person sees a certain sequence of actions (as if some plots of a film) and can take an active part in them. This happens after an overdose of alcohol, drugs, or incorrectly taking serious medications. Such visions haunt a person.

Auditory hallucinations

A person hears voices, various sounds, hears his name or is told to do something, but only he hears this in reality it does not exist. Auditory hallucinations are detected in acute mental illness, such as schizophrenia.

Can sometimes be caused by an overdose of various substances, similar to visual.

Olfactory hallucinations

Less common. A person smells non-existent odors. Occur after brain injury or schizophrenia. They can also appear after the passage of an infectious disease.

Taste hallucinations

The patient has sharp and unpleasant sensations in the oral region, as a result of which there is a refusal of any food.

Tactile hallucinations

A person feels that there is an object (creature) on the body that does not exist, there may also be a sensation of the object moving around the body. In this case, there is a feeling of sharp heat or cold. The patient has unpleasant tactile sensations on the body. Severe pain or itching.

Hypnagogic hallucinations

Appear when a person falls asleep (most often healthy). Awareness arises in the form of masks, plant monsters, and any other physical objects. Such hallucinations are a harbinger of an imminent mental disorder and a reason to consult a specialist, or call a psychiatrist at home.

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COST OF TREATMENT

Causes hallucinations

Let's see why hallucinations can occur. Specialists of the medical center "Korsakov" identify the following reasons:

Excessive and systematic alcohol consumption.
Drug use.
Use and overdose of psychostimulants.
Schizophrenia.
Brain damage.
Influence of psychosis.
Syphilis.
Age. As a result of the aging of the body, changes occur that entail a failure of the organs of perception.
Frequent stress, pessimism, anxiety.
Hallucinogenic mushrooms.
Neoplasms of the brain.
Infection of the body.
Epileptic syndrome.
Heart disease.
Atherosclerosis.
Prolonged insomnia.

Causes of hallucinations in the elderly

In the elderly, the development of hallucinations may be due to age. This is the result of age-related changes in the organs of perception. Such people are characterized not only by auditory hallucinations, but also by visual and gustatory hallucinations. Elderly people with this disease begin to complain about strange smells in the room, an unpleasant taste in the mouth, etc.

What to do in case of hallucinations?

Today there are a huge number of methods for the treatment of hallucinations, and different methods are aimed at eliminating different types of hallucinations. It must be said that therapy is often aimed at curing the cause of hallucinations. But, unfortunately, it is not always possible to eliminate the cause of the disease. It is necessary that hallucinations or the disease that caused them be diagnosed by an experienced specialist. Do not be shy or wait for an exacerbation, you should consult a doctor immediately.

Get a consultation at the psychiatric department of the KORSAKOV clinic.

How to identify hallucinations?

Diagnosis means to establish whether there is a difference with the illusory deception that a healthy person can have. It is necessary to look at the general condition and behavior of the patient, to check whether he has delusions or other mental illnesses. Analyze his facial expressions, gestures, check whether he has a feeling of anxiety, and based on the overall picture, draw a conclusion about the state of the person. So you can understand whether there is a disease, and if so, determine the degree.

How to deal with hallucinations?

The first step is to diagnose the cause of the hallucination and possible diseases. Next, you need to prescribe a course of appropriate treatment.

At the stage of diagnosis, an anamnesis is collected, it is specified what exactly the patient sees, hears and feels. A thorough examination of the visible, audible, felt is carried out, an examination is carried out and a method of treatment is selected. The method of observation and care of the patient is also selected.

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Treatment of hallucinations

The method of treatment depends on what the doctor finds out at the diagnostic stage. One of the methods for eliminating the pathology itself can be chosen. If it turns out that the cause cannot be eliminated, then the therapy is aimed at eliminating the symptoms, that is, the hallucinations themselves. If the disease developed as a result of the use of any drugs, then they are canceled.

In case of poisoning by alcohol or drugs, cleansing of the gastrointestinal tract is prescribed. The patient will need rest and care.

A course of psychotherapy helps to cure hallucinations. Neurometabolic therapy and restorative medicine techniques are used.

Hallucinations | CLRC Handbook

A hallucination is an image, sound or other sensation that occurs in the mind of a sick person without an external stimulus. They can manifest themselves when the body is overworked or when there is a malfunction of the internal organs, especially the brain. Infectious diseases also affect the development of pathology.

Species

True. The patient sees, feels or hears something, but this phenomenon is bright, lively. The hallucination is real to the sufferer.
Pseudo-hallucinations. These are visions, sounds or sensations that occur outside of objective reality.

Important: false hallucinations usually depend on suggestion or the influence of external factors.

Hallucinations are different, depending on certain sense organs that perceive:

Visual. It can be whole storylines, mystical visions, just flashes of light or smoke. As well as animals, identical objects, vision of organs in one's body or foreign objects, etc.
Hearing. These include ordinary noises or sounds, as well as verbal ones: imperative, when a certain voice orders something to be done to the patient, usually it is negative; commenting - voices discuss the thoughts, feelings and sensations of the patient, they are also negative and judgmental; contrasting, when the patient hears 2 voices directed against each other, one at the same time condemns the patient, the other protects, but at the same time they give conflicting commands to the sufferer; motor speech - it seems to the patient that some forces speak for him, in an unknown language.
Olfactory. The patient complains of unpleasant odors.
Flavoring. An unpleasant taste may occur in the patient's mouth.
Tactile: fluid sensation, different temperatures, crawling insects, hugging.
Functional. Against the background of any objects or phenomena, imaginary images appear, sounds, etc.
Hallucinations of Bonn. An imaginary sensation is perceived by the analyzer, which has completely or partially lost its function.
Hemianoptic. Occur with a disease - hemianopia. This is when the patient sees only half of the field of view. Imaginary sensations arise in the area that does not see.
Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations. They can occur even in a healthy person. They appear in the form of imaginary images or sounds that accompany a person upon awakening or falling asleep. They are connected with the events of the day experienced.

Types of hallucinations depending on the analyzer:

Psychomotor, when the patient feels that part of his body is in motion.
Reflex, when a real impact on one analyzer, another one is excited.
Ecstatic. There are bright pictures or whole images in a state of altered consciousness.

Important: hallucinations must be able to distinguish from mirages and illusions, because they arise on the basis of other factors.

Causes

Misleading sights, sounds or sensations may occur when:

Dementia. It seems to the patient that objects are moving.
Parkinson's disease. Visual images appear: people, animals, objects, or even whole situations.
Migraine. Patients see flickering or colored zigzag lines in the central region of the visual field. They leave behind a white spot that disappears after half an hour.
Epilepsy. Visual images, in the form of bright spots or outlines.
Sleep disturbance. Usually occurs when waking up or falling asleep.
Brainstem infarction. Bright and colorful scenes appear. They usually carry a semantic load. They can last from 1 minute to several hours.
Tumor of the brain. Hallucinations can be of different types. It depends on the localization of the pathological process.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. It arises on the basis of a prion infection and causes dystrophic processes in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord, basal ganglia. Visual hallucinations occur: color change, perception in reduced sizes, distortion of the characteristics of objects, etc.
Sclerosis of cerebral vessels. There are auditory and visual hallucinations.
Stroke.

In addition to the above reasons, hallucinations can be caused by: Aging.

Infectious diseases.
Pathology of internal organs.
Drug intoxication.
Poisoning by toxic substances.

Which doctor to contact

Hallucination is not a separate disease, but a symptom that occurs when an organ is damaged, in most cases the brain. But in order to identify the real cause of the pathology, you need to consult such specialists:

Psychiatrist.
Neurologist.
Oncologist.
Narcologist.
Infectionist.

Hallucinations are an important symptom that indicates that the patient has certain disturbances in the awareness of the surrounding reality. Often, patients are embarrassed or afraid to talk about the presence of hallucinations, because they think that only people with mental disorders experience hallucinatory experiences.

IMPORTANT! This is a false stable belief, with hallucinations it is necessary to work with different specialists. The fact is that hallucinations can occur due to the presence of a neoplasm or an infectious pathology.

Therefore, make an appointment with a specialist of our center - a psychiatrist, neurologist, oncologist, narcologist or infectious disease specialist to find the root of the problem and eliminate the symptom!

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Methods of treatment

Methods of treating a pathology depend on the causes that caused it. There is no single schema. For example, in case of poisoning with toxic substances, it is necessary to stop their effect on the body. In the presence of neurological causes, it is necessary to start appropriate therapy or relief of the acute form of the disease.

Treatment is usually carried out with:

Results

The prognosis of the development of hallucinations depends on the success of the treatment. That is, if the cause of the disease is found in time, treatment can be started, you can get rid of imaginary images, visions and sensations.

Important: if the disease is not treatable, then the patient's normal condition must be maintained with medication.

Rehabilitation and lifestyle restoration

Rehabilitation includes:

Diagnosis of the cause of the disease.
Hospitalization.
Laboratory studies.
Complex treatment.
Disease control and treatment.
Forecasting.
Carrying out therapeutic and preventive measures after the main treatment.

Lifestyle in case of hallucinations

The further life of the patient depends on the causes that caused the pathology. If there is a disease that cannot be treated, then you need to constantly maintain normal life with the help of medicines.

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