What is the mmpi 2

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - StatPearls

Augustus E. Floyd; Vikas Gupta.

Author Information

Last Update: April 28, 2022.

Definition/Introduction

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most common psychometric test devised to assess personality traits and psychopathology. This data can be used to draw conclusions about the test taker’s psychopathy or to interpret psychological characteristics compared to the norm.[1] The most common treatment application of the test by providers is establishing or reevaluating care for an ambiguous clinical picture.[2] For psychiatric management, this aids in creating generalizable data relevant to a plethora of possible conditions.[1][2]

The MMPI was developed in the 1930s and published through the University of Minnesota in 1942 by Stuart Hathaway and Charley McKinley using visitors of patients at the University of Minnesota hospital as a base sample in both theorizing constructs of psychiatric illness and fielding the instrument. Testing is administered through 567 true or false items using a booklet with an accompanying answer sheet. The responses are then hand-scored and plotted on an X-Y graph; a separate version is used for male and female respondents.[3]

The X-axis is comprised of 14 scales. The first four ‘content scales’ judge the validity of the test attempt and include:

? to represent the number of questions completed incorrectly, either with no attempt or both ‘true’ and ‘false’ selected
L for ‘Lie’ to represent an attempt by the respondent to misrepresent themselves in a more positive light
F or ‘frequency’ to gauge random response as well as the respondent’s exaggeration or downplaying of symptoms
K to gauge ‘defensiveness,’ or evasion of stressful content

The 10 remaining scales known as ‘clinical scales’ are designed to measure for the presence of psychiatric syndromes, including:

1 or ‘Hs’ for hypochondriasis
2 or ‘D’ for depression
3 or ‘Hy’ for hysteria
4 or ‘Pd’ for psychopathic deviate
5 or ‘Mf’ for the continuum of masculinity-femininity
6 or ‘Pa’ for paranoia
7 or ‘Pt’ for psychasthenia or obsessive-compulsive tendency
8 or ‘Sc’ for schizophrenia
9 or ‘Ma’ for mania
0 or ‘Si’ for social introversion.

The Y-axis statistically standardizes the grading received on each scale in a range of T-scores from 0 to 120. A mean score is 50, and 82% of respondents are considered the normal population falling between 30 and 70. A T-score greater than 70 indicates psychopathy in that category.

Issues of Concern

The existence of the MMPI has been concurrent with vast reforms in societal convention and increased understanding of behavioral health.[3] Likewise, the instrument has been adapted to reflect such changes. Overarching criticisms to the original test center on its disparity in addressing psychopathy in social and ethnic minorities.[1] This has been attributed to the original sample being a small group, mainly consisting of young rural Caucasian subjects from the Midwestern United States.[4] Studies have established biases in which misunderstanding or failure to identify with the content of questions culturally has led to underreporting or overreporting mental illness. [5][1]

These shortcomings led to the release of the MMPI-2 by James N. Butcher, W. Grant Dahlstrom, John R. Graham, Auke Tellegen, and Beverly Kaemme in 1989.[6] This assessment retains the original total of 567 items with the same corresponding 14 scales with the original number of questions from the test.[6] Test items were revised based upon a larger and more diverse sample size of 2600 attuned to a 6th-grade reading level.[6] Gendered differences were replaced with a nongendered standardized scoring.[6] Despite further advancements, the MMPI-2 is still the most commonly administered version and has been translated into over 40 languages.[1]

In 2003, 9 restructured clinical or ‘RC’ scales were introduced as a prospective replacement for the original clinical scales.[1] These include:

RCd, or ‘demoralization’ – misery or depression
RC1 or ‘somatic complaints, – the fixation on bodily symptoms of illness or somatization
RC2 or ‘low positive emotions’ – weakened positivity, lack of enjoyment
RC3 or ‘cynicism’ – low regard for the merit of others and their actions
RC4 or ‘antisocial behavior’ – selfish and sociopathic conduct
RC6 or ‘ideas of persecution’ – belief in the malintent of others toward oneself
RC7 or ‘dysfunctional negative emotions’ – experiences on a spectrum of anxiety and irritability
RC8 or ‘aberrant experiences’ – uncommon beliefs or interpretation of experiences
RC9 or ‘hypomanic activation’ – energetic drive and desire for exertion

The RC scales were devised to provide a streamlined interpretation and less overlap with an increased focus on the growth in understanding within psychiatry over the past 70 years. Combinations of high-scoring categories represent distinct psychiatric constructs rather than the nebulous findings of the original clinical scales tying the patient to a specific diagnosis. Arguments also exist that this information is limited in that it categorizes the responder rather than providing data on an individual patient within a personalized spectrum of behavior.[1]

The RC scales were incorporated into the most current form of the MMPI, known as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Revised Form, or the MMPI-2-RF, which was released in 2008 by Yossef Ben-Porath and Auke Telleger of the University of Minnesota. The MMPI-2-RF is composed of 338 items measured by 51 scales broken into 9 validity scales, 3 higher-order scales, the 9 RC scales, 23 specific problem scales, 2 interest scales, and 5 revised personality psychopathy scales.[1]

The 9 validity scales assess incongruent answering or deceptive test-taking and include:

VRIN-r or ‘variable response inconsistency’ – inconsistent reporting of items
TRIN-r or ‘true response inconsistency’ careless reporting of items
F-r or ‘infrequent responses,’ – overreporting of infrequent responses compared to the norm
Fp-r or ‘infrequent psychopathology responses’ – overreporting of infrequent responses compared to those with psychopathy
Fs or ‘infrequent somatic responses’ – overreporting of infrequent responses compared to medical patients
FBS-r or ‘symptom validity’ – overreporting of nonvalid symptoms compared to both physical and mental standard symptomology
RBS or ‘response bias’ – overreporting associated with a statistically invalidated presentation of the disease
L-r or ‘uncommon virtues’ – underreporting through infrequently declared values or actions
K-r or ‘adjustment validity’ – underreporting by tailoring answers to give the impression of healthy psychological adjustment

The 3 higher-order scales broadly categorize psychopathic presentation and include:

EID or ‘emotional/internalizing dysfunction’ – problems concerning mood and affect
THD or ‘thought dysfunction’ – problems concerning disorganization of thought
BXD or ‘behavioral/external dysfunction’ – problems concerning impulsive or inappropriate behavior

The problem scales highlight responses consistent with the presence of specific psychopathic and psychosomatic presentations and include:

MLS or ‘malaise’
GIC or ‘gastrointestinal complaints’
HPC or ‘head pain complaints'
NUC or ‘neurological complaints’
COG or ‘cognitive complaints’
SUI or ‘suicidal/death ideation’
HLP or ‘helplessness/hopelessness’
SFD or ‘self-doubt’
NFC or ‘inefficacy’
STW or ‘stress/worry’
AXY or ‘anxiety’
ANP or ‘anger proneness’
BRF or ‘behavior-restricting fears’
MSF or ‘multiple specific fears’
JCP or ‘juvenile conduct problems’
SUB or ‘substance abuse’
AGG or ‘aggression’
ACT or ‘activation’
FML or ‘family problems’
IPP or ‘interpersonal passivity’
SAV or ‘social avoidance’
SHY or ‘shyness’
DSF or ‘disaffiliativeness’

The interest scales are designed to assess cognitive skills, aptitude, and learning preferences which include:

AES or aesthetic-literary interests – pursuits related to fine art
MEC or mechanical-physical interests – pursuits related to kinesthetic activities

The revised personality/psychopathology five scales are based on 107 distinct items and include:

AGG-r or ‘aggressiveness-revised’ – preference for excess and antagonism
PSYCH-r or ‘psychoticism-revised’ – preference for disconnection from reality
DISC-r or ‘disconstraint-revised’ – preference for impulsion and compulsion
NEGE-r or ‘negative emotionality/neuroticism-revised’ – preference for anxiety
INTR-r or ‘introversion/low positive emotional-revised’ – flat affect and timidity

It has been suggested that while the MMPI-2-RF has many additional metrics, the reduction in question number limits the amount of information about psychiatric diseases to about 60% of the original test. There has also been considerable debate over whether the new metrics are inaccurate in detecting psychopathy.[1] In separating genuine psychopathy from attempts to feign a diagnosis for personal incentive, some studies have noted the new validity scales to be overly sensitive to overreporting symptoms to achieve a specific result. It has conversely been found that the L-r and K-r scales are particularly reliable at detecting underreporting of mental illness.[7][8] Overall, literature has supported the MMPI-2-RF in identifying the accuracy of reporting psychiatric information in those who complete it.[1]

Clinical Significance

The MMPI maintains an enduring presence in the field of mental health, and its current adaption has been widely evaluated by the standard of modern behavioral health practices.[1] It continues to receive widespread application as a threshold of determining the presence of psychopathy, as a means of constructing a differential diagnosis for mental health problems, and as a versatile test to achieve transferrable psychological data. These data points indicate a category, which gives behavioral health professionals a starting point to explore plausible diagnoses and initiate appropriate treatment. Completion may also offer therapeutic benefits to patients in reflecting upon their issues and improving personal understanding of their psychology.[3]

In addition to its predominant clinical application, an extensive body of research exists to assess the MMPI in all its versions for the use in criminology, population studies, and prediction of aptitude in a particular role. Several studies on the MMPI-2-RF have compared those with a criminal history to those who have undergone rehabilitation and found that high scores on externalizing scales were predictive of violent behavior.[9] The MMPI-2-RF has also been used to prescreen applicants for law enforcement to obtain baseline mental health or flagging for aggressive tendencies.[1][10] There has also been usage evaluating parenting suitability in custody battles over children and in predicting the course of domestic disputes in couples. [11][12] Interpretations of the test have also been used to establish criminal intent in defendants.[1][9]

A major consensus of the MMPI in its current form is that increased accessibility for being tested improves retention without compromising outcomes. Prevailing criticisms of the original format were the extensive span of questioning and difficulty of paper administration for both completion and grading, with efforts to provide a more efficient medium well-documented since the 1980s.[13] When evaluating the use of tablet devices compared to conventional forms of electronic administration using a home computer or laptop for taking the MMPI-RF-2, the difference in reliability of results between the two mediums was insignificant.[14] There have also been motions to use the MMPI-2-RF to assess psychopathy utilizing an algorithm using a high score on a higher-order scale and then tailoring the remaining assessment to similar questions to the indicated higher order.[15] To aid in administration to pediatric patients, an adolescent form exists known as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF). [16]

Clinical Pearls

The MMPI provides broad information about aspects of personality and the existence of components of psychopathology.
The MMPI is completed by indicating true/false to a series of declarative statements that identify personal beliefs or symptomology.
Interpretation is based upon scoring reasonably truthfully and consistently within the outlined scales of the test.
Scales in older versions represented clinical syndromes, while more recently developed scales are based on identifying symptoms that can be applied to appropriate conditions or disorders.
The MMPI is effective at distinguishing psychopathy from malingering or purposeful test-taking as well as from medical conditions.
The MMPI has been revised to make the test more efficient, reproducible to test-takers in a broader societal demographic, and more grounded in current theory.
The MMPI can be taken by an individual patient to provide evidence of their symptoms but can also be fielded to a population fitting a known category to observe trends within their scoring.
The MMPI has been applied to a variety of non-clinical settings, including legal evidence in criminal and civil cases and screening for employment.

The completion of the MMPI holds value in determining care throughout a variety of treatment considerations. The test should be administered by a licensed psychotherapist, usually a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist, with informed consent obtained by discussing the risks and benefits of completion. Analysis of the results by the psychotherapist interpreting scoring should be attached with a working diagnosis to assess for treatment response. The presence of conditions associated with high-scoring categories will ultimately guide the necessity for pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment options. This will, in turn, outline the need for referral to appropriate mental healthcare, from continuing outpatient follow-up to institutionalization with fully-staffed nursing and rehabilitative care. Transfer of care should involve appropriate discussion of MMPI data correlated with a summary of interventions. High-scoring in concerning scales such as suicidality highlights an existing need for acute observation or placement. The validity of symptoms should also be corroborated to demonstrate whether a patient is malingering or suffering from organic disorders requiring medical management by a treatment team. The bio-ethical implications of the MMPI should also be identified if the patient is completing the test in concurrence or stipulation with legal charges, and they should be counseled on what findings might hold concerning criminality. The basis for the use of test data in determining adherence has also been documented in a sample consisting of 471 psychiatric patients, with externalizing scales predictive of whether a patient will be more likely to terminate treatment.[1] [Level 3] This illustrates the need for multi-level involvement in facilitating outreach and patient compliance.

Nursing, Allied Health, and Interprofessional Team Interventions

The MMPI can be a valuable tool in assessing the psychological status of a patient. It will be ordered by a psychologically trained clinician but can provide crucial information to many members of the interprofessional healthcare team, including family clinicians, psychologically trained nursing staff, social workers, and counselors. Specifics regarding its use will vary depending on the clinical situation, and it needs to be part of a more complete evaluation to help direct therapeutic interventions and drive optimal patient outcomes. [Level 5]

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Comment on this article.

References

1.: Sellbom M. The MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the Twenty-First Century. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2019 May 07;15:149-177. [PubMed: 30601687]
2.: Butcher JN. Personality assessment from the nineteenth to the early twenty-first century: past achievements and contemporary challenges. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2010;6:1-20. [PubMed: 20192801]
3.: Schilling R, Casper ST. Of psychometric means: Starke R. Hathaway and the popularization of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Sci Context. 2015 Mar;28(1):77-98. [PubMed: 25832571]
4.: Carter JH. Racism's impact on mental health. J Natl Med Assoc. 1994 Jul;86(7):543-7. [PMC free article: PMC2607595] [PubMed: 8064907]
5.: Dennis PH. A comparative study of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores of four apparently different black populations. J Natl Med Assoc. 1974 May;66(3):244-7 passim. [PMC free article: PMC2609171] [PubMed: 4151276]
6.: Drayton M. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Occup Med (Lond). 2009 Mar;59(2):135-6. [PubMed: 19233834]
7.: Ingram PB, Ternes MS. The detection of content-based invalid responding: a meta-analysis of the MMPI-2-Restructured Form's (MMPI-2-RF) over-reporting validity scales. Clin Neuropsychol. 2016 May;30(4):473-96. [PubMed: 27214667]
8.: Tarescavage AM, Scheman J, Ben-Porath YS. Reliability and validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in evaluations of chronic low back pain patients. Psychol Assess. 2015 Jun;27(2):433-446. [PubMed: 25436662]
9.: Whitman MR, Tarescavage AM, Glassmire DM, Burchett D, Sellbom M. Examination of differential validity of MMPI-2-RF scores by gender and ethnicity in predicting future suicidal and violent behaviors in a forensic sample. Psychol Assess. 2019 Mar;31(3):404-409. [PubMed: 30520653]
10.: Marshall RE, Milligan-Saville JS, Steel Z, Bryant RA, Mitchell PB, Harvey SB. A prospective study of pre-employment psychological testing amongst police recruits. Occup Med (Lond). 2020 May 27;70(3):162-168. [PubMed: 32040153]
11.: Lee TTC, Taylor AM, Holbert AM, Graham JR. MMPI-2-RF predictors of interpersonal relationship characteristics in committed couples. Psychol Assess. 2019 Sep;31(9):1118-1124. [PubMed: 31192629]
12.: Fariña F, Redondo L, Seijo D, Novo M, Arce R. A meta-analytic review of the MMPI validity scales and indexes to detect defensiveness in custody evaluations. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2017 May-Aug;17(2):128-138. [PMC free article: PMC6220924] [PubMed: 30487888]
13.: Deskovitz MA, Weed NC, McLaughlan JK, Williams JE. Interpretive Reliability of Six Computer-Based Test Interpretation Programs for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. Assessment. 2016 Apr;23(2):250-61. [PubMed: 25944798]
14.: Menton WH, Crighton AH, Tarescavage AM, Marek RJ, Hicks AD, Ben-Porath YS. Equivalence of Laptop and Tablet Administrations of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form. Assessment. 2019 Jun;26(4):661-669. [PubMed: 28618858]
15.: Tarescavage AM, Ben-Porath YS. Examination of the feasibility and utility of flexible and conditional administration of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form. Psychol Assess. 2017 Nov;29(11):1337-1348. [PubMed: 28165271]
16.: Handel RW. An Introduction to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF). J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2016 Dec;23(4):361-373. [PubMed: 27752979]

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - StatPearls

Augustus E. Floyd; Vikas Gupta.

Author Information

Last Update: April 28, 2022.

Definition/Introduction

The X-axis is comprised of 14 scales. The first four ‘content scales’ judge the validity of the test attempt and include:

? to represent the number of questions completed incorrectly, either with no attempt or both ‘true’ and ‘false’ selected
L for ‘Lie’ to represent an attempt by the respondent to misrepresent themselves in a more positive light
F or ‘frequency’ to gauge random response as well as the respondent’s exaggeration or downplaying of symptoms
K to gauge ‘defensiveness,’ or evasion of stressful content

The 10 remaining scales known as ‘clinical scales’ are designed to measure for the presence of psychiatric syndromes, including:

1 or ‘Hs’ for hypochondriasis
2 or ‘D’ for depression
3 or ‘Hy’ for hysteria
4 or ‘Pd’ for psychopathic deviate
5 or ‘Mf’ for the continuum of masculinity-femininity
6 or ‘Pa’ for paranoia
7 or ‘Pt’ for psychasthenia or obsessive-compulsive tendency
8 or ‘Sc’ for schizophrenia
9 or ‘Ma’ for mania
0 or ‘Si’ for social introversion.

Issues of Concern

In 2003, 9 restructured clinical or ‘RC’ scales were introduced as a prospective replacement for the original clinical scales.[1] These include:

RCd, or ‘demoralization’ – misery or depression
RC1 or ‘somatic complaints, – the fixation on bodily symptoms of illness or somatization
RC2 or ‘low positive emotions’ – weakened positivity, lack of enjoyment
RC3 or ‘cynicism’ – low regard for the merit of others and their actions
RC4 or ‘antisocial behavior’ – selfish and sociopathic conduct
RC6 or ‘ideas of persecution’ – belief in the malintent of others toward oneself
RC7 or ‘dysfunctional negative emotions’ – experiences on a spectrum of anxiety and irritability
RC8 or ‘aberrant experiences’ – uncommon beliefs or interpretation of experiences
RC9 or ‘hypomanic activation’ – energetic drive and desire for exertion

The 9 validity scales assess incongruent answering or deceptive test-taking and include:

VRIN-r or ‘variable response inconsistency’ – inconsistent reporting of items
TRIN-r or ‘true response inconsistency’ careless reporting of items
F-r or ‘infrequent responses,’ – overreporting of infrequent responses compared to the norm
Fp-r or ‘infrequent psychopathology responses’ – overreporting of infrequent responses compared to those with psychopathy
Fs or ‘infrequent somatic responses’ – overreporting of infrequent responses compared to medical patients
FBS-r or ‘symptom validity’ – overreporting of nonvalid symptoms compared to both physical and mental standard symptomology
RBS or ‘response bias’ – overreporting associated with a statistically invalidated presentation of the disease
L-r or ‘uncommon virtues’ – underreporting through infrequently declared values or actions
K-r or ‘adjustment validity’ – underreporting by tailoring answers to give the impression of healthy psychological adjustment

The 3 higher-order scales broadly categorize psychopathic presentation and include:

EID or ‘emotional/internalizing dysfunction’ – problems concerning mood and affect
THD or ‘thought dysfunction’ – problems concerning disorganization of thought
BXD or ‘behavioral/external dysfunction’ – problems concerning impulsive or inappropriate behavior

The problem scales highlight responses consistent with the presence of specific psychopathic and psychosomatic presentations and include:

MLS or ‘malaise’
GIC or ‘gastrointestinal complaints’
HPC or ‘head pain complaints'
NUC or ‘neurological complaints’
COG or ‘cognitive complaints’
SUI or ‘suicidal/death ideation’
HLP or ‘helplessness/hopelessness’
SFD or ‘self-doubt’
NFC or ‘inefficacy’
STW or ‘stress/worry’
AXY or ‘anxiety’
ANP or ‘anger proneness’
BRF or ‘behavior-restricting fears’
MSF or ‘multiple specific fears’
JCP or ‘juvenile conduct problems’
SUB or ‘substance abuse’
AGG or ‘aggression’
ACT or ‘activation’
FML or ‘family problems’
IPP or ‘interpersonal passivity’
SAV or ‘social avoidance’
SHY or ‘shyness’
DSF or ‘disaffiliativeness’

The interest scales are designed to assess cognitive skills, aptitude, and learning preferences which include:

AES or aesthetic-literary interests – pursuits related to fine art
MEC or mechanical-physical interests – pursuits related to kinesthetic activities

The revised personality/psychopathology five scales are based on 107 distinct items and include:

AGG-r or ‘aggressiveness-revised’ – preference for excess and antagonism
PSYCH-r or ‘psychoticism-revised’ – preference for disconnection from reality
DISC-r or ‘disconstraint-revised’ – preference for impulsion and compulsion
NEGE-r or ‘negative emotionality/neuroticism-revised’ – preference for anxiety
INTR-r or ‘introversion/low positive emotional-revised’ – flat affect and timidity

Clinical Significance

Clinical Pearls

The MMPI provides broad information about aspects of personality and the existence of components of psychopathology.
The MMPI is completed by indicating true/false to a series of declarative statements that identify personal beliefs or symptomology.
Interpretation is based upon scoring reasonably truthfully and consistently within the outlined scales of the test.
Scales in older versions represented clinical syndromes, while more recently developed scales are based on identifying symptoms that can be applied to appropriate conditions or disorders.
The MMPI is effective at distinguishing psychopathy from malingering or purposeful test-taking as well as from medical conditions.
The MMPI has been revised to make the test more efficient, reproducible to test-takers in a broader societal demographic, and more grounded in current theory.
The MMPI can be taken by an individual patient to provide evidence of their symptoms but can also be fielded to a population fitting a known category to observe trends within their scoring.
The MMPI has been applied to a variety of non-clinical settings, including legal evidence in criminal and civil cases and screening for employment.

Nursing, Allied Health, and Interprofessional Team Interventions

Review Questions

Access free multiple choice questions on this topic.
Comment on this article.

References

1.: Sellbom M. The MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the Twenty-First Century. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2019 May 07;15:149-177. [PubMed: 30601687]
2.: Butcher JN. Personality assessment from the nineteenth to the early twenty-first century: past achievements and contemporary challenges. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2010;6:1-20. [PubMed: 20192801]
3.: Schilling R, Casper ST. Of psychometric means: Starke R. Hathaway and the popularization of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Sci Context. 2015 Mar;28(1):77-98. [PubMed: 25832571]
4.: Carter JH. Racism's impact on mental health. J Natl Med Assoc. 1994 Jul;86(7):543-7. [PMC free article: PMC2607595] [PubMed: 8064907]
5.: Dennis PH. A comparative study of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores of four apparently different black populations. J Natl Med Assoc. 1974 May;66(3):244-7 passim. [PMC free article: PMC2609171] [PubMed: 4151276]
6.: Drayton M. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Occup Med (Lond). 2009 Mar;59(2):135-6. [PubMed: 19233834]
7.: Ingram PB, Ternes MS. The detection of content-based invalid responding: a meta-analysis of the MMPI-2-Restructured Form's (MMPI-2-RF) over-reporting validity scales. Clin Neuropsychol. 2016 May;30(4):473-96. [PubMed: 27214667]
8.: Tarescavage AM, Scheman J, Ben-Porath YS. Reliability and validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in evaluations of chronic low back pain patients. Psychol Assess. 2015 Jun;27(2):433-446. [PubMed: 25436662]
9.: Whitman MR, Tarescavage AM, Glassmire DM, Burchett D, Sellbom M. Examination of differential validity of MMPI-2-RF scores by gender and ethnicity in predicting future suicidal and violent behaviors in a forensic sample. Psychol Assess. 2019 Mar;31(3):404-409. [PubMed: 30520653]
10.: Marshall RE, Milligan-Saville JS, Steel Z, Bryant RA, Mitchell PB, Harvey SB. A prospective study of pre-employment psychological testing amongst police recruits. Occup Med (Lond). 2020 May 27;70(3):162-168. [PubMed: 32040153]
11.: Lee TTC, Taylor AM, Holbert AM, Graham JR. MMPI-2-RF predictors of interpersonal relationship characteristics in committed couples. Psychol Assess. 2019 Sep;31(9):1118-1124. [PubMed: 31192629]
12.: Fariña F, Redondo L, Seijo D, Novo M, Arce R. A meta-analytic review of the MMPI validity scales and indexes to detect defensiveness in custody evaluations. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2017 May-Aug;17(2):128-138. [PMC free article: PMC6220924] [PubMed: 30487888]
13.: Deskovitz MA, Weed NC, McLaughlan JK, Williams JE. Interpretive Reliability of Six Computer-Based Test Interpretation Programs for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. Assessment. 2016 Apr;23(2):250-61. [PubMed: 25944798]
14.: Menton WH, Crighton AH, Tarescavage AM, Marek RJ, Hicks AD, Ben-Porath YS. Equivalence of Laptop and Tablet Administrations of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form. Assessment. 2019 Jun;26(4):661-669. [PubMed: 28618858]
15.: Tarescavage AM, Ben-Porath YS. Examination of the feasibility and utility of flexible and conditional administration of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form. Psychol Assess. 2017 Nov;29(11):1337-1348. [PubMed: 28165271]
16.: Handel RW. An Introduction to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF). J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2016 Dec;23(4):361-373. [PubMed: 27752979]

MMPI-2 - Minnesota Multidisciplinary Personality Inventory. Version 2

Copyright holder:
The University of Minnesota Press, USA
Pearson Assessments (USA)

Authors: James N. Butcher, Ph.D., John R. Graham, Ph.D., Yossef S. Ben- Porath, Ph.D., Auke Tellegen, Ph.D., W. Grant Dahlstrom, Ph.D.

Adaptation of the Russian version: Giunti Psychometrics (Russia), E. I. Rasskazova, D. A. Leontiev, S. A. Bogomaz, V. I. Brutman, L. Ya. Dorfman, S. N. Enikolopov, O. V. Mitina, Yu. Yu. Neyaskina, S. Yu. Palatov, E. V. Chetoshnikova

Format: Online - 567 questions

Passing time: 1. 5 - 2 hours

Respondents: from 18 years old

Selection: 1645 residents of six regions of Russia and 262 patients with mental illness

Buy

MMPI - 2 (Minnesota Multidisciplinary Personality Inventory. Version 2) is a multiscale test designed for in-depth diagnostics of the psychological characteristics of the personality of adults. This version of the test is based on the MMPI questionnaire (1941), which for fifty years has been considered the best clinically oriented test. Significant changes have been made in the MMPI-2 version, new indicators and scales have been added, and the way in which raw scores are converted to a standard indicator has been revised. The MMPI-2 has been significantly improved to eliminate ambiguous diagnostic scores and the impact of gender differences.

MMPI-2 is one of the most widely used questionnaires in clinical and forensic psychiatry. It is designed for use by psychiatrists, psychologists, forensic scientists, counseling lawyers, prosecutors and judges. This is due to the fact that MMPI-2 is able to verify the perpetrators of a crime, serial killers, pedophiles, drug addicts, etc. nine0007

The questionnaire can be freely used both individually and in a group. The technique allows to identify traits and types of character with a high degree of reliability, to determine the style of behavior and communication, to diagnose the ability to adapt and hidden mental deviations, to assess professional suitability, to study the emotional state and severity of stress, to predict the likelihood and content of difficulties in various types of labor activity.

Structure

The questionnaire consists of 567 questions with dichotomous answers (yes/no). The questions are: eight validity scales, ten basic scales, sixteen additional scales, fifteen content scales, five PSY-5 scales, 27 subscales related to content scales, 28 scales, 3 subscales of SI (social introversion), Harris-Lingoes subscales.

Application

individual and family counseling;
mass studies of certain groups of the population; nine0048
career guidance, personnel recruiting, correction of industrial relations;
examination of psychological status and monitoring of the state of mental processes;
psychological assessment of various types of correction and treatment;
scientific research.

Requirements for specialists

To use this technique, you must meet the following qualification requirements: a diploma (specialty; master's degree; scientific degree) in one of the following specialties: psychology, clinical psychology, medicine (neurology, psychiatry). nine0007

MMPI®-2 (Minnesota Multifactorial Personality Questionnaire® - 2) in personality psychodiagnostics. Basic course.

Official recognition of the Russian version of MMPI®-2 by the University of Minnesota is a guarantee that its psychometric indicators correspond to the original.

Course requirements

Higher education in psychology or higher medical education with retraining in psychology or psychotherapy. nine0007

Rasskazova Elena Igorevna

Author and course leader

Clinical psychologist, Ph.D. Lomonosov, Senior Researcher, Department of Medical Psychology, Mental Health Research Center. Cognitive therapist (Diploma of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy, Philadelphia, USA). Author of more than 200 scientific publications in the field of clinical psychology, health psychology, self-regulation and statistical methods of data processing. Co-leader of the MMPI-2 approbation project in Russia, officially approved by the University of Minnesota. nine0007

Curriculum:

Scopes and capabilities of different versions of MMPI (MMPI-2, MMPI-A, MMPI-RF, MMPI-A-RF), as well as the basis for its reliability, validity and reliability when applied to various tasks.
The structure of the methodology, the content and basics of interpretation of validity scales, main and restructured clinical scales, subscales, content and additional scales, as well as the basis for the analysis of critical sets of items. Features of the practical application of the Russian version of MMPI®-2. nine0048
Possibilities and rules for using MMPI®-2 in various areas of personality psychodiagnostics: in clinical and psychological diagnostics, expertise, psychotherapy, psychological counseling, in organizational, sports, military psychology.
Requirements for the implementation of the methodology, methods for identifying invalid protocols and actions with them.
Fundamentals of the interpretation of uniform T-scores and their boundary values for diagnosis in clinical and non-clinical settings.
Basic rules for interpreting personality profiles, taking into account profiles on restructured, meaningful and additional scales when conducting psychodiagnostics with different tasks and in different (clinical and non-clinical) conditions. nine0048
Requirements for discussing the results of psychodiagnostics with other professionals (medical professionals, employers, teachers, etc.).
Techniques for discussing the results of psychodiagnostics with clients, patients and their families. The use of MMPI®-2 in psychological counseling.

The course meets the requirements for practical development and basic application of three guidelines: "MMPI®-2 (Minnesota Multivariate Personality Inventory® - 2): a guide to application, score processing and interpretation" (Butcher et al. , 2001)

- MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales (RF): Design, Validity and Interpretation (Tellegen et al., 2008)
- Symptom Validity Scale (FBS): Design, Research Results, Interpretation Guidelines (Ben-Porah, Graham, Tellegen, 2009).

After completing the training, you will be given access to your personal account for online purchase and administration of tests.

"Specialist"

17000 ₽

Access to course materials for 3 months
Certificate of passing the examination test
Access to the electronic version of the MMPI-2 test
1 free MMPI-2 test

Start training

"Professional"

21000 ₽

Access to course materials for 6 months

Certificate of passing the examination test
nine0048

Access to the electronic version of the MMPI-2 test

2 free MMPI-2 tests

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