Fight or flight images
Fight Or Flight - Bilder und Stockfotos
Bilder
- Bilder
- Fotos
- Grafiken
- Vektoren
- Videos
Durchstöbern Sie 2.960.191
fight or flight Stock-Fotografie und Bilder. Oder starten Sie eine neue Suche, um noch mehr Stock-Fotografie und Bilder zu entdecken.Sortieren nach:
Am beliebtesten
katzen spielen kämpfen - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderKatzen spielen kämpfen
kampf-oder-flug. stress-reaktionssystem - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleKampf-oder-Flug. Stress-Reaktionssystem
kampf gegen gewöhnliche eisvogelvögel - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderKampf gegen gewöhnliche Eisvogelvögel
3d isometrische flache vektor konzeption elle darstellung des spannungsreaktionsprozesses - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole3D Isometrische flache Vektor Konzeption elle Darstellung des. ..
Riesenhand gibt einem kleinen Geschäftsmann einen Kick
jumping: weibliche super hero-schlag kick - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderJumping: Weibliche Super Hero-Schlag Kick
Eine schöne junge kaukasische Superheldin fliegt durch die Luft, um einen Punch Kick zu liefern. Mitten in der Luft mit Himmel und Wolken im Hintergrund.
bösen rivalen der hähne dorf begann ein kampf auf der sommer-werft - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderbösen Rivalen der Hähne Dorf begann ein Kampf auf der Sommer-Werft
straßenkämpfe angreifenden haltung - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleStraßenkämpfe angreifenden Haltung
spielerische kampfkatzen - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderspielerische Kampfkatzen
überwältigt und empört - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderÜberwältigt und empört
junge asiatische aktiven mann in aktion springen und treten, kreis schleife wand hintergrund.
extreme sportliche aktivität, parkour outdoor freilaufend oder gesunden lifestyle-konzept - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderJunge asiatische aktiven Mann in Aktion springen und treten,...
kind spielt superheld - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderKind spielt Superheld
Kleines Kind, das Superhelden spielt und sein Spiegelbild in der Wasseroberfläche betrachtet. Kind auf dem Hintergrund des Sonnenuntergangshimmels. Girl Power Konzept
kind spielt superhelden - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderKind spielt Superhelden
Kleines Kind spielt Superheld. Kind im Hintergrund des Sonnenuntergangshimmels. Girl-Power-Konzept
gestresster passagier streitet mit flugbegleiter - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderGestresster Passagier streitet mit Flugbegleiter
fire sparks background (hot and cold) - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderFire Sparks Background (Hot And Cold)
rakete hebt auf schwarzem hintergrund ab - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderRakete hebt auf schwarzem Hintergrund ab
Raketenstart auf schwarzem Hintergrund 3D-Illustration
mädchen spielt superhelden - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderMädchen spielt Superhelden
junge im roten superheld cape und maske - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderJunge im roten Superheld cape und Maske
Superheldenkind vor blauem Himmelshintergrund.
Girl-Power-Konzept
Papierflugzeug mit Schatten des Kampfflugzeugs
zwei kleine lustige vögel spratzen auf einem ast in einem sonnigen frühlingsgarten, die während eines streits ihre flügel und schnäbel schlagen - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderZwei kleine lustige Vögel spratzen auf einem Ast in einem...
mma-kämpfer springt mit einem kniekick - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderMMA-Kämpfer springt mit einem Kniekick
Kampfsportler (MMA), der mit einem Knietritt springt. Rauchhintergrund
geschäftsmann bekommt einen treffer von einer riesigen hand - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderGeschäftsmann bekommt einen Treffer von einer riesigen Hand
Geschäftsmann bekommt einen Schlag von einer riesigen Hand mit Boxhandschuhen
bald eagle preserve haines alaska - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderBald Eagle Preserve Haines Alaska
ganzer körper größe ansicht von schönen attraktiven sportlichen verrückt cool ecool enstarken paar spaß kämpfen in luft wettbewerb rabatt isoliert über hellen lebendigen glanz lebendige grüne türkis hintergrund - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderGanzer Körper Größe Ansicht von schönen attraktiven sportlichen.
..
Illustration von Jets, die in Formation fliegen, mit feierlichen...
vektor-action superhelden-silhouette set - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleVektor-Action Superhelden-Silhouette Set
Eine Reihe von Silhouettenillustrationen im Cartoon-Stil verschiedener Superhelden in Aktion.
superheld kind im roten umhang und maske - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderSuperheld Kind im roten Umhang und Maske
Superhelden-Kind-Konzept für Kindheit, Fantasie und Sehnsüchte
große hand boxen wenig geschäftsmann - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderGroße Hand Boxen wenig Geschäftsmann
drei militärische kämpfer symbole auf blauem hintergrund. jets zeigen vektor-illustration - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleDrei militärische Kämpfer Symbole auf blauem Hintergrund.
Jets...
Löschflugzeug wirft Wasser über Waldbrand ab
Löschflugzeug löscht Waldbrand mit viel Wasser in unzugänglichem Bereich
mit blick auf den teufel von krähen - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolemit Blick auf den Teufel von Krähen
Kampfszene des Mannes mit magischem Zauberstab und dem Teufel der Krähen, digitaler Kunststil, Illustrationsmalerei
zwei fliegende singvögel, weibliche eurasische baumsperlinge (passer montanus), kämpfen miteinander, tierverhalten, dunkelgrüner hintergrund, kopierraum, ausgewählter fokus und bewegungsunschärfe - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderZwei fliegende Singvögel, weibliche Eurasische Baumsperlinge (Pass
Zwei fliegende Sperlingsvögel, weibliche Feldsperlinge (Passer montanus), kämpfen miteinander, Verhalten von Wildtieren, dunkelgrüner Hintergrund, Kopierraum, ausgewählter Fokus und Bewegungsunschärfe
mädchen spielt superhelden - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderMädchen spielt Superhelden
Kleines Kind Mädchen spielt Superheld.
Kind auf dem Hintergrund des Sonnenuntergangshimmels. Girl-Power-Konzept
Satz von weiblichen Superhelden. Schwarz und rot Farbe.
Illustration der weiblichen Superheldin in 9 verschiedenen Posen.
zwei spatze - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderZwei Spatze
held symbolsatz in dünne linienstil - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleHeld Symbolsatz in dünne Linienstil
set 9 aktion der thai kämpfen dehne verschiedene schöne aktion in thailand auf isoliert haben pfad - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderSet 9 Aktion Der thai Kämpfen Dehne verschiedene schöne Aktion...
super hero-icon-set - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleSuper Hero-Icon-set
pyrrhuloxia male und kardinal male sparring - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderPyrrhuloxia Male und Kardinal Male Sparring
Pyrrhuloxia Männchen (Cardinalis sinuatus) kämpft mit einem nördlichen Kardinal Männchen (Cardinalis cardinalis).
Texas.
F-22 Raptor Nahaufnahme Nachbrenner
noradrenalin-konzept chemische formel symbolbeschriftung, textschriftart vektorillustration - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleNoradrenalin-Konzept chemische Formel Symbolbeschriftung,...
Noradrenaline Konzept chemische Formel Symbol Etikett, Text Schriftart Vektor Illustration.
fear responses model infografik-präsentationsvorlage mit symbolen ist eine 5f trauma response wie kampf, rehkitz, flug, flop und einfrieren. konzept für psychische gesundheit und persönlichkeitstyp. bildungsvektor. - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleFear Responses Model Infografik-Präsentationsvorlage mit...
weiblicher jet pack superheld mit staff lands on city rooftop - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderWeiblicher Jet Pack Superheld mit Staff Lands On City Rooftop
Eine weibliche Superheldin mit Jetpack und Waffenpersonal, die inmitten von Wolkenkratzern auf einem Dach landet oder startet.
Der Superheld trägt einen generischen rot-blauen Anzug mit passenden Handschuhen, Helm und Stiefeln und trägt einen Stab, der an beiden Enden Lichter hat. Nachts eingestellt.
Jet-Kämpfer in Beton geheime Militär-Kriegsbasis bereit zum Start
f-16 fighting falcon kampfjet (modell) gegen dramatische wolken - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderF-16 Fighting Falcon Kampfjet (Modell) gegen dramatische Wolken
kind trifft fliegenden drachen im dschungel - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleKind trifft fliegenden Drachen im Dschungel
Vektorillustration des Kindes, das im Dschungel auf den fliegenden Drachen trifft
kampfjet-abschnitte begleitet ein weiterer kämpfer. konflikt, krieg. luft-und kräfte. - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderKampfjet-Abschnitte begleitet ein weiterer Kämpfer. Konflikt,.
..
Raketenstart aus Wüste
adrenalin-hormons. adrenalin. neurotransmitter. kampf oder flucht-reaktion. strukturelle chemische summenformel und 3d-modell. atome sind als kugeln mit farbcodierung vertreten. - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleAdrenalin-Hormons. Adrenalin. Neurotransmitter. Kampf oder Flucht-
blue jays kämpfen um essen - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderBlue Jays kämpfen um Essen
Blue Jays kämpfen am Winternachmittag am Futterhäuschen um Futter
super hero kleine süße mädchen - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderSuper Hero kleine süße Mädchen
Unschuld
isometrischer 3d-flachvektor konzeptionelle darstellung der spannungsantwort - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleIsometrischer 3D-Flachvektor Konzeptionelle Darstellung der...
jet-kampfpilot trägt sauerstoffmaske fliegen zusammen für mission im cockpit ansicht 3d render - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderJet-Kampfpilot trägt Sauerstoffmaske fliegen zusammen für.
..
Sehr niedriger Pass eines F-22 Raptor gegen die Hügel von Nevada,
knights kampf mit dem drachen - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleKnights Kampf mit dem Drachen
Ritter kämpfen mit dragonshttp://www.twodozendesign.info/i/1.png
superhelden-menschen gesetzt - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleSuperhelden-Menschen gesetzt
lufttransport, militärjäger, usaf luftfahrt blaue farbe düsenflugzeug, cartoon-stil vektorillustration, isoliert auf weiß. - fight or flight stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleLufttransport, Militärjäger, USAF Luftfahrt blaue Farbe Düsenflugz
action - fight or flight stock-fotos und bilderAction
Männliches Model in dramatischem Licht, während er sich bewegte.
Arzt Superheld fliegen Comic Buch Super Hero
Doktor Superheld essentieller Arbeiter fliegen Comic-Superheld Gesundheitsfachmann. Tragen von Masken-PSA
von 100Fight Or Flight Response Stock-Fotos und Bilder
- CREATIVE
- EDITORIAL
- VIDEOS
Beste Übereinstimmung
Neuestes
Ältestes
Am beliebtesten
Alle Zeiträume24 Stunden48 Stunden72 Stunden7 Tage30 Tage12 MonateAngepasster Zeitraum
Lizenzfrei
Lizenzpflichtig
RF und RM
Durchstöbern Sie 6.019
fight or flight response Stock-Fotografie und Bilder. Oder starten Sie eine neue Suche, um noch mehr Stock-Fotografie und Bilder zu entdecken.papier-flugzeug-design-hintergrund - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolepost office - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolekalender oder-notepad.
- fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolepapierebene symbol mit editierbaren strich und pixel perfekt. - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleschwimmende ablehnungsschreiben - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderbird tragen liebesbrief - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolered envelope - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bildersending floral present in cardboard box with balloons - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bildermessenger - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolepapierdesigns flugzeuge - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleairmail umschläge, briefmarken, stempel - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolealles gute zum geburtstag ballons - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleabstraktes design mit buchstaben hintergrund - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bildertext-vektor-illustration - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolepapierfalter mit leerem weißen zettel - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolestapel von dokumenten in papierform zeichnung - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolegeschenk-box-linie-symbole editierbaren strich - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleblue envelope - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderballoon nachricht blauen himmel - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderpapierebene flache linie symbol mit bearbeitbaren strich - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleballoon tied to an envelope - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderwhite paper flying - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderheart shaped balloon carrying love letter - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderfliegender vogel buchstabe liefern zeichnung - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolepaper airplanr flying out of envelope - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolepost kommt - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolepost in holzschnitt-stil - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolepost dove carrying love letter clipart - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolee-mail - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolesommer hintergrund mit nachricht - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolegrußkarte zum frauentag mit geometrischer typografie.
- fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolealles gute zum geburtstag luftballons mit schriftzeichen - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolewriter's imagination taking flight - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleschwarz-weiße schmetterlingssymbole - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolemessenger - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleembraer e190-e2 - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderschreibmaschine aus der bunte graffiti - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleitems for summer holidays: a camera, sunglasses, cash, a straw hat, a map and a travel plan. tourist layout-set and accessories of the traveler, on a wooden background. open borders concept for free happy travel. copy of the text space. - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderThis Halloween postcard is produced around 1910 in Germany.
schnelle lieferung - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolecardboard box plane - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderwütender hund, der auf dem briefkasten des hauses steht - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboledrohnenlieferung und e-commerce-geschäftskonzept - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolebriefumschläge cloud - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolepaper airplane in man's hand - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderwir kämpfen der bar "flames" - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bildercarrier pigeon - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolevintage stempel stempel-symbol - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleliebe traum - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolepapierflugzeug - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolefliegende eichhörnchen stempel - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolesky full of paper air planes - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderdichter - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderüberdruckgrafiken - reisen - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolebird einladung - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolevogel mit liebe brief-symbol - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleheart shaped balloon carrying love letter - fight or flight response stock-fotos und bilderluftpost - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symboleliebe und freude frieden auf erden - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbolebrief mit flügeln fliegen zum ziel zeichnung - fight or flight response stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole von 100 Fight and run: why nature invented a defense mechanism and how it turns on
Trends
TV channel
Pro
Investments
Events
RBC+
New economy
Trends
Real estate
Sport
Style
National projects
Town
Crypto
Debating Club
Research nine0003
Credit ratings
Franchises
Newspaper
Special projects St.
Petersburg
Conferences St. Petersburg
Special projects
Checking counterparties
RBC Library
Podcasts nine0003
ESG index
Policy
Economy
Business
Technology and media
Finance
RBC CompanyRBC Life
RBC Trends
Photo: Unsplash
The fight-or-flight response is a psychological state that is activated when people are confronted with something threatening (mentally or physically). Understanding how it is activated and what the body needs
Release of hormones
The term "hit and run" was first described by the American psychologist Walter Cannon in the 1920s.
He recorded that a series of reactions that occur quickly inside the body help it mobilize for the best interaction with the threat. Later, researchers developed his ideas. Scientists now know that during sudden stress, the following processes occur in the body:
- the brain sends a signal to the symptomatic nervous system,
- the nervous system sends a signal to the adrenal glands,
- the adrenal glands abruptly release the hormones adrenaline and norepinephrine into the body,
- they give you the opportunity to take a sharp action and dodge danger (for example, from a bicycle rushing at you).
What happens to the body
A chain reaction triggers a number of physiological processes in the body. Here are the main signs:
- Dilated pupils. In case of danger, the body tries to become as aware as possible of what is happening around, for which the pupils increase.
- Pale skin on the body and flush on the face.
The blood flow to the skin is reduced in order to increase the saturation of the muscles, legs, arms and brain. Due to the rush of blood to the head, the face turns red. - Increased breathing and pulse. Due to these reactions, the body is saturated with energy and oxygen, which are necessary for a sharp response to stress. nine0078
- Trembling. Muscles tense and prepare for action.
Symptoms may persist for 20-60 minutes after the threat has been eliminated. "Fight or flight" can be launched both in case of a real threat (for example, an angry dog running at you), and in case of psychological stress (say, if necessary, make a speech to a full house).
Constant activation
The fight-or-flight response plays a significant role in dealing with danger, as it helps to deal with it more effectively by mobilizing resources. For example, if you are crossing the road and a car is rushing towards you, you will have time to jump away.
nine0003
However, sometimes the fight-or-flight response is triggered not by physical threat but by psychological factors. For example, in people with arachnophobia, it may occur at the sight of spiders, which do not pose a real danger. In case of severe fear, the reaction can develop into a panic attack. In this case, it is best to work it out with a psychologist.
Stress Reduction
If the job involves daily stress or the person experiences it regularly in other areas of life (for example, due to family problems), they may suffer from an excess of adrenaline produced due to the fight-or-flight response. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to try to reduce the number of everyday irritants as much as possible. In addition, you can deal with negative experiences through the following practices:
- regular exercise (even 20-30 minutes of daily walking will do),
- deep breathing,
- muscle relaxation,
- healthy food,
- reduction in alcohol and caffeine intake.
Updated on 07/06/2022
Text
Semyon Bashkirov
Soft skills
Top of the trend
Related materials
nine0000 how stress works and why it makes us stronger - T&PStress training is often used to train NASA astronauts or emergency workers - so they are taught not only to survive in difficult situations, but also to act as efficiently as possible. Psychologists call it stress inoculation. T&P publishes an excerpt from Stanford professor Kelly McGonigal's book Good Stress as a Way to Get Stronger and Better, in which she explains how "good" stress differs from "bad" stress. nine0147
How did stress get infamous?
Good stress as a way to get stronger and better
In 1936, the Hungarian endocrinologist Hans Selye injected laboratory rats with a hormone isolated from the ovaries of a cow.
The results were very unpleasant for rodents. The rats began to develop bloody ulcers. Their adrenal glands swelled, while their thymus glands, spleens, and lymph nodes—parts of the immune system—were shrunken. They were very sad and sick rats. nine0003
But was the bovine hormone really to blame? Selye set up control experiments by injecting some rats with a saline solution, and others with a hormone from a cow's placenta. And they showed the same symptoms. He tried using extracts from the kidneys and spleen. And those rats got sick. No matter what he injected into the rats, they got sick, and with the same symptoms.
In the end, it dawned on Selye that the rats got sick not because of the substances they were injected with, but because of what they were experiencing. They just didn't like being pricked with needles. Selye discovered that he could cause the same symptoms in rats by exposing them to various unpleasant influences: extreme heat or cold, incessant physical exertion, loud noises, the action of toxic substances.
Within 48 hours, muscle tone dropped in rats, ulcers developed in the intestines, and suppression of the immune system began. nine0003
Then they died.
Thus the science of stress was born. Selye chose the word stress to describe the state he put rats in and their physiological response to that state (we now call it the stress response). But what does all this have to do with you? Before starting his research, Selye was a physician. Then he saw many patients whose body began to fail for no reason at all. They showed some general symptoms - loss of appetite, fever, weakness - that could not be called characteristic of specific diseases. They just looked extremely tired of life. At that moment, Selye called this condition "the syndrome of suffering." nine0003
How to look at life from the bright side and successfully deal with stress? Learn this in the Antifragility course.
Many years later, when Selye began to conduct his laboratory experiments, sick and dying rats reminded him of his patients.
Maybe, he thought, the body is weakening from the loads that one has to cope with in difficult life situations? And here Selye made a giant leap from experiments with rats to the study of human stress. He suggested that many health problems, from allergies to heart attacks, could be the result of a process he observed in rats. This analogy for Selye remained purely theoretical; he studied laboratory animals all his life. However, this did not prevent him from building hypotheses regarding humans. And, having made this speculative logical transfer, Selye made another decision that forever changed the world's attitude to stress. He gave it a definition that goes far beyond laboratory methods of working with rats. According to Selye, stress is the reaction of the body to any impact on it . That is, it is not just a reaction to painful injections, traumatic injuries or harsh laboratory conditions, but a response to any impact that requires response or adaptation. By defining stress in this way, Selye laid the foundation for the negative attitudes towards it that we see today.
Selye devoted his entire subsequent career to promoting his ideas about stress, was nicknamed the "grandfather of the science of stress" and was nominated ten times for the Nobel Prize. He even wrote what could be considered the first official guide to stress management. Sometimes he received research funds from unexpected admirers. For example, tobacco manufacturers paid him to write articles about the harmful effects of stress on human health. At their request, he even gave a speech to the US Congress on how smoking helps fight the dangerous effects of stress. nine0003
But Selye's main contribution is that he first convinced the world of the dangers of stress. If you tell a colleague, "I'm going to get an ulcer on this project," or complain to your spouse, "This stress is killing me," you're paying homage to Selye's rats.
advertising cigarettes as a stress reliever
Was he wrong? Not really. If you are in the same position as his rats - subjected to deprivation, torment and other negative influences - your body will undoubtedly pay for it.
There is a lot of scientific evidence that very severe or traumatic stress can damage your health. However, Selye's definition of stress is very broad: it includes not only injuries, violence, and abuse, but also almost everything that can happen to you . For Selye stress was synonymous with the body's response to life as such.
Over time, Selye realized that not all stressful experiences lead to illness. He started talking about good stress (which he called eustress ) and bad stress ( distress ). In one of the later interviews, the scientist said: “We experience stress all the time, so the only thing you can do is try to make it useful for you and those around you.” But it was already too late. Thanks to Selye's work, a general attitude towards stress as a very dangerous condition has taken root in society and the medical environment. nine0003
The legacy of Hans Selye has been developed in stress research with laboratory animals. To this day, much of what you hear about the negative effects of stress scientists learn from experiments on rats.
But the stress that these animals experience actually has little to do with everyday human stress. If you are a guinea pig, then your day will look something like this: you will be shocked unexpectedly; thrown into a bucket of water and forced to swim until you start to sink; they will put them in a solitary cell or, conversely, in an overcrowded cage with a very small amount of food, for which they will have to fight fiercely. It's not stress; it's the Hunger Games for rodents. […] nine0003
Is the stress response normal?
Hans Selye is often blamed for the bad reputation of stress, but he is not the only culprit. There is also Walter Cannon with cats and dogs. Cannon, a physiologist at Harvard Medical School, first described the fight-or-flight stress response in 1915. He studied how fear and anger affect the physiology of animals. In order to anger and frighten the test subjects, he used two methods: he pinched the mouth and nose of the cat with his fingers until her breath was disturbed, and put dogs and cats in the same room to fight.
nine0003
According to Cannon, frightened animals release adrenaline and become in a state of heightened sympathetic activity. Their heart rate and breathing speed up, their muscles tense - thus they prepare for action. Digestion and other physiological functions that are not required at the moment slow down or stop. The body prepares for the fight by storing energy and mobilizing the immune system. All these changes are automatically launched when a threat to life occurs. nine0003
The fight-or-flight instinct is not unique to dogs and cats; it is present in all animals. He often saves lives - both animals and humans. That is why it is so stable in evolution, and we should be grateful to nature for writing it into our DNA.
Walter Cannon
However, many scholars point out that close combat or hasty escape are not the best strategies for situations that modern man faces every day. How can this reaction help you survive traffic jams or the threat of being fired? What will happen if, when any difficulty arises, you simply run away from relationships, children, work? You can't beat up a late mortgage payment and disappear every time you have a conflict at home or work.
nine0003
From this point of view, you should suppress the stress response at all times, except in cases of purely physical danger, such as escaping a burning building or rescuing a drowning child. In all other situations, this is just a senseless waste of energy that prevents successful counteraction to stress. This is evidenced by the theory of inconsistency of the stress reaction of a stressful situation: the reactions that saved our ancestors are not suitable for you and me. A stress reaction that has no adaptive value in the modern world only hinders us. […] nine0003
Let's be clear: a reaction that supports only two survival strategies - fight or flight - really does not correspond to modern life. But it turns out that human stress responses are actually much more complex. They have evolved along with man, adapting to the changing world over time. The stress response can activate various biological systems that support various behavioral strategies. Thanks to this, you can not only run out of a burning building, but also understand problems, receive social support and learn from the experience.
[…] nine0003
How to look at life from the bright side and successfully deal with stress? Learn this in the Antifragility course.
There are several types of stress responses, and each has a different biological profile that motivates different strategies for coping with stress. For example, the goal response increases self-confidence, motivates action and helps to use the experience gained, while the care and friendship response stimulates courage, generates a desire to care for others and strengthens social bonds. These responses, along with the fight-or-flight response, make up your body's complex stress responses. To understand how stress stimulates these very different responses, let's take a closer look at the biology of stress. nine0003
Stress gives you the strength to deal with difficulties.
As Walter Cannon noted, the fight-or-flight response is triggered by the activation of your sympathetic nervous system. To make you more alert and ready for action, this system forces your entire body to mobilize all available energy resources.
The liver releases fat and sugar into the blood to serve as fuel. Breathing becomes deeper to bring more oxygen to the heart. The heart rate speeds up so that oxygen, fat and sugar reach the muscles and brain more quickly. Stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol help your muscles and brain use this energy more efficiently. As a result, you are ready to overcome any obstacles. nine0003
It is this response to stress that provides a person with exceptional physical abilities in special situations. You can often find reports in the news about the incredible strength that a person acquires in stressful situations - for example, the story of two teenage girls from Lebanon, Oregon, who managed to lift a 1.5-ton tractor, under which their father was trapped. “I don’t know how I was able to lift it, it was very heavy,” one of the girls told reporters. “But we just took it and raised it.” Many people experience something similar when under severe stress. When something very important is at stake, the body uses all the energy resources to do what is needed.:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/20059164/Screenshot_2020_06_29_Ariel_Helwani___arielhelwani____Instagram_photos_and_videos.png)
nine0003
The energy that stress gives you not only helps the body, but also stimulates the brain. Adrenaline sharpens the senses. The pupils dilate to let in more light, and hearing becomes more acute. At the same time, the brain processes the signals coming from the sense organs faster. Unnecessary thoughts are turned off, less important tasks temporarily lose their relevance. Attention is concentrated, you absorb and process more information.
A chemical cocktail of endorphins, adrenaline, testosterone and dopamine kicks in. This is one of the reasons why some people like to experience stress - it gives them a pleasant arousal. The combination of the above substances increases your sense of self-confidence. You can act more purposefully and strive for what can give you satisfaction. Some scientists refer to this aspect of stress as "excitement and awe." Skydivers, skydivers, and lovers also experience such sensations. If you have pleasant goosebumps running down your back from participating in a game of chance or trying to complete a difficult job on time, then you know what it is.
nine0003
When it comes to true survival, these physiological changes are most pronounced, and you may have the classic fight-or-flight response. But if nothing directly threatens your life, the body and brain switch to another state - the reaction of striving for the goal . Like the fight-or-flight response, this stress response empowers you and helps you perform in challenging environments. The heart rate increases, adrenaline levels soar, muscles and brain get more fuel, and "feel good hormones" are released into the bloodstream. But this reaction differs from the previous one in several important ways. You feel focused, but not fearful. The level of stress hormones is also different, in particular, the level of DHEA is increased, which helps to recover faster from stress and learn useful experiences. As a result, your Stress Response Growth Index rises—that is, there is a favorable balance of stress hormones that determines how harmful or beneficial stress will be for you.
nine0003
People who are completely immersed in what they are doing and enjoy it show clear signs of a goal-seeking reaction. Artists, athletes, surgeons, gamers, musicians, completely surrendering to their favorite pastime, experience just such a reaction to stress. The best in these fields of activity do not at all remain cold-blooded under the pressure of difficult circumstances; it would be more accurate to say that they have a stress reaction of striving for a goal. It gives them access to mental and physical resources, which, in turn, provide increased confidence, concentration, and performance. nine0003
Stress helps communication and stimulates social connections
Your stress response does more than just provide you with energy. In many situations, it also forces you to connect with other people. This side of stress is predominantly controlled by the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin has become widely known as the “love molecule” and “cuddle hormone” because it is actually produced by the pituitary gland when you hug someone.
However, in reality, the functions of oxytocin are much more complex. It is a neurohormone that fine-tunes the social instincts in your brain. Its main function is to create and strengthen social attachments, which is why it stands out during hugs, as well as during sexual intercourse and breastfeeding. Increased levels of oxytocin make you reach out to people. It generates a desire for personal contact - through touch, SMS or meeting over a glass of beer. In addition, oxytocin helps the brain better understand what other people are thinking and feeling. It enhances empathy and intuition. With high levels of oxytocin, you are more likely to trust and help the people you care about. Oxytocin makes the brain more receptive to social contact and thereby enhances the warm feeling you get when you care for others. nine0003
But the functions of oxytocin are not limited to the social sphere. It is also the hormone of courage. Oxytocin suppresses the fear response in the brain, the instinct that makes you freeze in place or run.
Not only does this hormone urge you to seek out hugs; he makes you brave.
Oxytocin is as much a part of the stress response as adrenaline, which makes your heart race. During times of stress, the pituitary gland releases oxytocin to stimulate social bonding. This means that stress makes you a better person without additional investment in personal growth and socialization training. nine0003
Hans Selye
Released during the stress response, oxytocin causes you to turn to those who can support you. It also strengthens the connections that matter most to you, making you more responsive. Scientists call this the care and friendship response . Unlike the fight-or-flight response, which is primarily about self-preservation, this response forces you to protect those you care about. And most importantly, it gives you courage. nine0003
When you feel like talking to a friend or loved one, this stress response prompts you to seek support. If something bad happens and you immediately think of your children, pets, relatives or friends, this stress reaction motivates you to protect your “tribe”.
When someone is dishonest and you rush to stand up for your team, your company, or your community, it's all part of the prosocial stress response.
Oxytocin has another amazing quality: this so-called love hormone has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. The heart has special receptors for oxytocin, which promotes the regeneration of heart muscle cells after microtrauma. If your stress response involves the release of oxytocin, stress literally strengthens your heart. We usually hear that stress can cause a heart attack! Yes, stress-induced heart attacks indeed sometimes happen, and they are usually caused by a sharp release of adrenaline, but not every stress reaction causes damage to your heart. I found one study that showed that when rats are stressed and then chemically attacked, they exhibit a very significant resistance to heart injury. However, when rats were given an oxytocin-blocking substance, stress no longer had such a beneficial effect on them.
This study reveals to us one of the most surprising aspects of stress. It turns out that the stress response is our innate stability mechanism that makes us care for others, but also strengthens our heart. nine0003
Stress helps you learn and grow
The last stage of any stress response is recovery, bringing your body and mind back to a state of calm. The body needs stress hormones to recover. For example, cortisol and oxytocin fight inflammatory reactions and support the work of the autonomic nervous system. DHEA and Neuronal Growth Factor (NGF) increase neuroplasticity so your brain can learn from stressful experiences. You may feel like your body needs to repair itself after exposure to stress hormones, but in fact the opposite is true - it is these hormones that have a restorative function. People who produce more of these hormones during times of stress tend to recover much faster and with minimal consequences.
Recovering from stress does not happen instantly - it is a process that takes time.
In the first few hours after a strong stress reaction, the brain rewires, remembering and assimilating the experience. At this time, the activity of stress hormones increases in those areas of the brain that are responsible for learning and memory. The brain processes the experience, which is why you can't stop thinking about what happened. You may want to discuss this with someone. If everything ended well, you replay what happened in your head, remembering everything you did and what it led to. If the result was not very successful, you try to understand what happened, imagine what would have happened if you had acted differently, and mentally construct a positive outcome. nine0003
The person often experiences strong emotions during the recovery process. There is still energy in him, and he is too excited to immediately calm down. After stress, you may experience fear, shock, anger, guilt, or sadness. But you can also feel relief, joy or gratitude. Moreover, these emotions can fill you at the same time - this is part of the process of understanding the experience with the brain.
They encourage reflection and learning from experience, which in turn helps prepare for future stresses. In addition, thanks to emotions, you better remember what happened. These emotions are driven by chemical changes that make the brain more flexible—it can rewire itself based on experience. Thus, the emotions that accompany the recovery process from stress help you learn and find meaning in what is happening. nine0003
Based on all the above processes, the brain and body are trained to cope with stress. It leaves an imprint in your mind that will help you know how to behave next time. It doesn’t happen with every little adversity, but if you face a really difficult task, your brain and body will definitely learn from it. Psychologists in such cases say that a person receives a stress inoculation . This is a kind of "vaccination" for the brain. That is why stress training is one of the key training methods for NASA astronauts, emergency workers, professional athletes and representatives of other specialties who need to learn not only to survive in stressful situations, but also to act as efficiently as possible.
