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ADHD vs. ODD: Similarities and Differences

Written by Shishira Sreenivas

If your child has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it’s not unusual for them to have other conditions at the same time. These are called comorbidities. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is one such condition. In fact, ODD is the most common comorbidity with ADHD. Experts believe that about four out of 10 kids with ADHD also have ODD.

Here’s a look at what happens when your child has ADHD and ODD at the same time.

What Are ADHD and ODD?

ADHD is a type of brain disorder that affects millions of American children and often lasts well into adulthood. If your child has ADHD, it may cause a combination of problems such as:

  • Lack of attention
  • Hyperactivity
  • Impulsive behavior

ODD is a type of behavior disorder that’s mostly diagnosed in childhood. If your child has ODD, they tend to be:

  • Uncooperative
  • Defiant
  • Aggressive

The two conditions may appear similar because some of the symptoms can overlap. But the causes are usually different. For example, ADHD is mostly a genetic condition and is often passed down from family members. Kids with ADHD find it difficult to control their behavior.

In contrast, ODD is often a learned behavior or stems from developmental issues. If your child loses their temper quickly, argues too much, destroys property, or purposely annoys others, it’s often a sign of a more serious condition linked with antisocial behavior.

What Are the Similarities?

Both conditions involve changes in brain chemistry that cause such symptoms as uncontrolled, impulsive, or aggressive behavior. Both conditions are more common in boys than in girls.

Your child’s symptoms must last for at least 6 months before a doctor can diagnose them with ADHD or ODD.

It’s easy to confuse both ADHD and ODD as normal behaviors in young children or adolescents and ignore them. But kids with these conditions don’t tend to “grow out” of these phases as easily as their peers. Some of the symptoms may ease with age, especially if the condition is mild to begin with. But for some kids with severe forms of ADHD and ODD, these behaviors may never go away.

ADHD symptoms may include:

  • Short attention span
  • Being easily distracted
  • Making careless mistakes
  • Being forgetful
  • Trouble focusing on time-consuming or demanding tasks
  • A hard time organizing
  • Can’t sit still
  • Constantly fidgeting
  • Talking a lot or interrupting conversations
  • Having little to no sense of danger
  • Acting without thinking

Common ODD symptoms include:

  • Frequent temper tantrums
  • Arguing with adults
  • Refusing to do what an adult or authority figure asks
  • Always questioning rules
  • Refusing to follow rules
  • Doing things to annoy or upset others
  • Blaming others for misbehaviors or mistakes
  • Becoming easily annoyed by others
  • Acting angry
  • Speaking harshly or unkindly
  • Seeking revenge

These symptoms may lead to low self-esteem and make it harder for your child to make and keep friends. They may also perform poorly at school. Children with ODD may act out against other children, parents, teachers, and anyone they see as an authority figure.

If your kid has both ADHD and ODD, it’s possible they have some or all of the symptoms of either disorder. If you’re not sure or you’re confused about what might be going on, talk to your child’s doctor.

What Are the Differences?

The key difference is that with ADHD, your child usually has trouble paying attention and they’re hyperactive. With ODD, your child is defiant, cranky, and angry.

ADHD symptoms tend to show up when your child is 12 or younger. For some, it can start as early as 3 years old. But ODD symptoms show up a lot earlier – usually before they’re 8, and often when they’re toddlers. But your child may also show symptoms when they’re in their teens.

For the most part, ADHD is genetic. That means if your child has ADHD, chances are a close relative has it, too. It’s important to note that poor parenting or too much screen time doesn’t cause ADHD.

But experts believe ODD happens because of developmental issues or that it can be a learned attitude. This means your child may have ODD because they mirror negative behaviors such as inconsistent or harsh disciplining from authority figures like parents and teachers. They may do this to get attention or a reaction from you.

Your child may also be more likely to have ODD if they have a chaotic family life and a family history of mental disorders and substance abuse.

Can You Have ADHD and ODD Together?

Yes. Whether your child has ADHD or ODD, it’s common to have the other condition at the same time. While experts aren’t sure why this happens, they note that if your child has ADHD, it makes their ODD symptoms worse, and vice versa.

This is because when ODD symptoms like defiance and aggressive behavior are mixed with ADHD issues like lack of focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, the behaviors can build on one another and become potent. If your child has both conditions, they might also be harder to treat. But if you address the symptoms as soon as possible, it can lead to better outcomes in the long run.

What Causes You to Have ADHD and ODD Together?

Experts aren’t sure why the two conditions are so often linked. But they have certain common risk factors such as:

  • Genetics
  • Learned behaviors
  • Psychological issues
  • Development issues your child may have when they’re toddlers
  • Problems with home life

How Are ADHD and ODD Diagnosed?

There’s no specific test to diagnose both ADHD and ODD. But if your child displays symptoms from both conditions for more than 6 months, talk to their doctor about it.

They will run lab tests and blood tests, and do a detailed medical exam to rule out any medical illness, injury, or medication side effects. If the doctor isn’t able to find a physical cause for your child’s symptoms, they may refer your child to a licensed mental health professional such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. These health care professionals are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental health issues in children and teens.

They may use special interviews and questionnaires to observe and evaluate your child’s overall behavior and attitude. You or other authority figures in your child’s life, such as teachers or coaches, may also need to give a report of anything you’ve noticed. This can help experts provide an accurate diagnosis.

ADHD and ODD: Treatment Options

If your child has been diagnosed with both ADHD and ODD, you’re no longer treating only one problem. The doctor may recommend treatment as early as possible and suggest multiple approaches. This may include:

Parent training. This is where you’re taught how to strengthen your relationship with your child, and learn helpful ways to manage their behavior. This is usually the first line of treatment. This may include:

  • Positive reinforcement methods
  • When to ignore your child’s demands or behaviors
  • How to use rewards effectively
  • Appropriate methods for timeout or punishments

You may notice your child’s behavior improving within 3-6 years after you start these.

Collaborative problem solving (CPS). This helps children with ADHD and ODD learn how to be more flexible, handle frustration, and adapt more easily. Through CPS, you and your child can learn to come up with solutions or negotiate decisions that both of you agree on. This can help solve conflicts and ease difficult behaviors.

Family therapy. When your child has both ADHD and ODD, it can affect your entire family. Going to therapy together can help everyone cope with the realities of raising a child with developmental issues, and work together to find solutions.

Behavioral support at school. Schools may offer collaborative programs to provide behavioral support for your kid. This can include:

  • Clear and consistent rules and consequences for inappropriate behaviors
  • Positive rewards for good behavior
  • A collaborative approach between teachers, school staff, and parents, especially if your child has severe behavioral issues

One-on-one tutoring. Research shows one-on-one tutoring over classroom learning can help lessen ADHD and ODD symptoms.

Medication. Studies show that ADHD medications, often known as psychostimulants, are effective at treating both ADHD and ODD symptoms, especially when they occur together. They can help your child become more attentive and less antisocial and aggressive.

Medications are not a cure, but they can help improve your child’s day-to-day life. Experts have found that a combination of medications used to treat hyperactivity, impulsivity, and behavioral issues are effective in the long run, and that unwanted side effects don’t last too long.

If you notice side effects, let your doctor know.

What’s the Takeaway?

If your child shows symptoms of ADHD and ODD, early medical help is key. Don’t wait to get help, or to start your child on the therapy or medications their doctor recommends. Getting help early is essential for the happiness and well-being of your entire household.

Both conditions can last well into adulthood, but treatment may help ease some of the symptoms and help your child manage them, too. Educate yourself as much as possible. This can help you learn tips and tricks to improve your child’s life as well as your relationship with them.

If you feel overwhelmed, reach out to a support group. This way, you can connect with other parents or caregivers of children with ADHD and ODD who have similar experiences. They can lend a sense of community.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder vs. Attention Deficit

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is defined by aggressiveness and a tendency to purposefully bother and irritate others. While it is true that anybody can be aggressive and irritating from time to time, to be diagnosed as ODD, a person must display a pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior lasting at least six months.

Some sources estimate that 5 percent of all children may qualify for the diagnosis.

What’s the Difference Between ADHD and ODD?

Not all children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD or ADD) qualify for the oppositional defiant disorder diagnosis. However, the percentages are high — some studies put estimates as high as 65 percent of kids with ADHD who also have a defiance disorder. A recent article in Attention!, the quarterly magazine published by CHADD, cites a study of 600 7 to 9 year olds in which 40 percent of the children with ADHD also had ODD, with 15 percent, or 1 in 7, having more serious conduct disorders.

ODD: Symptoms and Prevalence

What are the symptoms of a defiance disorder like ODD?

A pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior lasting at least 6 months, during which four (or more) of the following ODD symptoms are present:

  • often loses temper
  • often argues with adults
  • often actively defies or refuses to comply with adults’ requests or rules
  • often deliberately annoys people
  • often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior
  • is often touchy or easily annoyed by others
  • is often angry and resentful
  • is often spiteful or vindictive

Note: Consider a criterion for ODD met only if the behavior occurs more frequently than is typically observed in individuals of comparable age and developmental level.

[Download This Free Resource: Does My Child Have Oppositional Defiant Disorder?]

A diagnosis of ODD is considered only if:

  • The ODD behavior disturbance causes clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
  • The defiant behaviors do not occur exclusively during the course of a neurotic or delirious episode or because of a mood disorder.
  • Criteria are not met for Conduct Disorder, and, if the individual is age 18 years or older, criteria are not met for Antisocial Personality Disorder. Learn more about Oppositional Defiant Disorder in adults here.

Criteria summarized from: American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition . Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

[Read This: The ADHD-ODD Link in Children]

Can Children Outgrow ODD?

It appears that some children will outgrow some aspects of ODD. For example, a defiant teen may grow into a more easy-to-get-along-with adult. However, other behaviors may be life long. An aggressive two year old will very likely be an aggressive adult.

Diagnosis and Treatment of ODD

What should I ask the doctor, psychologist, or therapist when I take my child for a visit?

First, ask if they have worked with children who have ODD and what methods of treatment they prefer.

How Should I Treat My Child’s ODD?

  • Always build on the positives, give the child praise and positive reinforcement when he shows flexibility or cooperation. Recognize the “little victories.”
  • Learn to control yourself. Take a time-out or break if you are about to make the conflict with your child worse, not better.
  • Pick your battles. Since the child with ODD has trouble avoiding power struggles, prioritize the things you want your child to do.
  • Set up reasonable, age appropriate limits with consequences that can be enforced consistently. Resist the temptation to rescue the child from naturally occurring consequences.
  • Don’t go it alone. Work with and get support from the other adults (teachers, coaches, and spouse) who deal with your child. Look for area support groups and/or parenting classes for parents of difficult children.
  • Avoid burnout. Maintain interests other than your child with ODD, so that managing your child doesn’t take all your time and energy. Manage your own stress with exercise and relaxation. Use respite care as needed.

Find more information about treating ODD here. See Oppositional Defiant Support Group for support.

Are Medications Used to Treat ODD?

Medications are sometimes used to treat ODD. Talk with a child psychiatrist who is familiar with ODD in children.

Is Other ODD Treatment Required?

A child with ODD should see either a psychiatrist, psychologist, or a therapist who is familiar with the disorder. Counseling should involve both the child and the family, with an emphasis on ways to cope with such behavior.

If the child becomes dangerous to himself or others, hospitalization may be necessary. Patients who present a danger outside the hospital can be involuntarily hospitalized for up to 3 days by the police or a doctor for observation.

What Happens To a Child Hospitalized for ODD? What Can I Expect?

Having your child hospitalized for a psychiatric problem can be a traumatic experience. Hospitalization typically is on an emergency basis, often following some kind of severe incident. Parents are often exhausted, traumatized and scared.

Do your best to answer all questions at the hospital as well as you can. Doctors will probably ask for a medical history, any present medications, and an explanation of the event that lead to the decision to bring the child to the hospital. If your child stays overnight, then you should go home and get some rest. DO NOT FEEL GUILTY ABOUT THE FACT THAT YOUR HOME IS MORE PEACEFUL WITHOUT THE CHILD. Use this time to pull yourself together, to nurture your spouse and any other children in the house, and just to enjoy some peace for a while.

During hospitalization, the child may encounter the following procedures.

  • Group Therapy run by medical staff.
  • Individual Therapy with a mental health care professional
  • Family Meetings to prepare the patient and the family for the child’s return home.
  • Time Out if needed. If the child becomes unable to control himself, he may be separated from the other patients. If he seems violent, he may be placed in a “safety room.”
  • Restraints may be used for patients who pose a danger to themselves or others. This usually involves leather bands or straps used to hold the child in a bed.

What Is a Good Book About ODD?

The Explosive Child by Ross W. Greene, Ph.D. a good place to start.

[Watch This Webinar: Defuse the Defiance — Treating Oppositional Defiant Disorder]

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How to tell if a number is even or odd in Python

Reading 2 min Views 40. 9k. Posted

In order to determine whether an even number is entered or not in Python, you must use the "Remainder of division" operator and write a condition.

Contents

  1. Operator for calculating the remainder of division
  2. Determining the parity of a number using the operator of the remainder of division
  3. Writing a function to determine the parity of a number

In the Python programming language, as well as in other programming languages, there is a command - operator (%), which calculates the remainder when divided by a number. Here are some examples: 

 4 % 2 >>>0 5% 2 >>>1 20% 10 >>>0 25% 10 >>>5

When 4 is divided by 2, the remainder is 0. When 5 is divided by 2, the remainder is 1. When 20 is divided by 10, the remainder is 0. When 25 is divided by 10, the remainder is 5.

remainder

We know that when an even number is divided by 2, we have a remainder of 0. Therefore, we can use the remainder operator to determine whether the number is even or odd. Let's write a condition for this: 

 a = 5 if a % 2 == 0: print('Even number') else: print('Non-enough number') >>> Odd number

First, we assign to the variable a the number whose parity we want to check. Next, we write the condition: if the remainder of dividing the variable a by 2 is 0, then display “Even number”, otherwise display “Odd number”.

When we run the written code, we will see an "Odd" number.

Writing a function to determine the parity of a number

We can write a function that will receive a number at the input, and output to the screen “Even number” or “Odd number”, depending on the parity of the received number. 

 def even_or_odd(a): if a % 2 == 0: print('Even number') else: print('Non-enough number') even_or_odd(10) >>> Even number even_or_odd(11) >>> Odd number

Let's analyze the written code. On the first line, we declare a new function. Let's call it even_or_odd . The function will receive a single number as input. Next, it checks this number for the remainder of division by 2 and prints "Even number" or "Odd number". The condition that is written in the function we considered earlier.

As you can see, determining the parity of a number is a fairly simple task, which is quickly solved using the remainder operator (%).

Deck Guide Odd Rogue Rastakhan's Rumble

Odd Rogue suffered a severe loss of composure, and many predicted him a complete failure. But Valira does not give up. Now she is not afraid of the Charm: a small emerald, and her big advantage is profitable matchups with Priests. If you like Odd Rogue, don't be afraid to play him, especially if your meta isn't rife with aggro archetypes. And for those who just want to master the Odd Rogue, this guide will help.

Odd Rogue in Vicious Syndicate's latest meta report #116 (read the full meta report in VIP section #121)

Vicious Syndicate meta-report #121

Although Odd Rogue will be abandoned by many players, there are signs that the deck has remained competitive. In the end, the Charm hindered her most of all: a small emerald, and the Odd Rogue beats the Priests even without Composure. J_Alexander got to the Top 6 of the Legend, replacing him with Crazed Chemists, and used the Abyss Ripper to counter the Priest on provocations. There is room for other experiments as well. Bunnyhoppor reached #7 in the Legend with a build including King Mukla, Cobalt Destroyer, Captain Greenfish, and Turtle Boss.

Odd Rogue by Jalexander

Cold Blood now replaces Mad Chemist, a creature with a similar combo line to Cold Blood. Void Rippers are great against Combo Priests on taunts, so don't neglect this third drop. The rest of the deck looks familiar.

Crystallizer is not intended for any synergies, it's just a 1/3 creature that is added purely for its stats. If you were surprised by the presence of this creature, now you know the truth. If you do not have a Crystallizer, you do not need to spend dust on it - two Dread Moles, in principle, will be enough.

Bunnyhoppor Odd Rogue

This build is even better against slow opponents. King Mukla and Cobalt Destroyer are great tempo moves that force opponents to look for and give away removals. Turtle Bearer will protect other creatures from trades and AoE clears thanks to her high health.

If desired, you can add the following options: Witch Fox, Ironbeak, Glacial Shard, Saron Pit Manager, Gluttonous Slime, Mad Chemist.

Odd Rogue Mulligan

Choosing cards for Odd Rogue is not always easy. It all depends on the match-up, as well as the presence of the Coin and the cards already available. But a few general tips can be highlighted:

  • Always leave one first drop. In aggro match-ups, you can even leave two, especially if one of them is Fireman. In slow fights, choose Squire Vanguard.
  • Bandit is the keycard of the Odd Rogue. Keep it always, and in slow matchups, don't drop the second copy either.
  • If you are expecting an aggro matchup, you can leave an SI:7 Agent with a Coin.

Warrior With Coin - Void Ripper. With a good hand - Mushroom Mancer, Mira's New Element.

Paladin With Coin - SI:7 Agent, Insidious Chick.

Hunter

Druid

Rogue With a good hand - The New Element of the World.

Shaman With Coin - SI:7 Agent.

Mage : Crystallizer, Pitch Guardian, Cunning Chick, Deadly Poison, Dread Mole. With Coin - SI:7 Agent. With a good roi - Gribomancer.

Priest : Crystallizer, Void Ripper, Bandit, Fireman. With a good hand - Gribomancer, New Element of the World, Bloodthirsty Spite.

Warlock With a good hand - Gribomancer, Deadly Poison, Bloodthirsty Spite.

Odd Rogue Play Strategy

Odd Rogue is an aggressive deck that seeks to quickly destroy the enemy with the help of the table. Buffs (Mad Chemist, Fungusmancer), jerks (Leeroy Jenkins) and threats with powerful effects (Insidious Chick, Bandyuga) help him in this.

But an aggressive style does not always involve a blind attack on the enemy hero. Exchanges are an important element of the gameplay. First of all, determine if trades are so important in a particular matchup. If this is an aggressive opponent, the fight at the table should be given special attention. If it is slow, the exchanges fade into the background.

Against Aggressive decks

In any duel between two aggro decks, there is always a fight for the table. The advantage of the Rogue is in his weapons: thanks to him, you can trade with most of the opponent’s early threats without losing your own creatures. Do not be afraid to lose health by exchanging "face", in the early stages of the match this is not so important. It is always better to take a hit on yourself than to sacrifice a creature.

Don't waste weapon charges for no reason, don't hit the enemy hero if there is no suitable target. Still, your Hero Power is not free, and it is better to use the weapon wisely so that you do not have to spend extra crystals on equipping it later.

Bloodthirsty Maleficent, South Sea Sailor, Deadly Poison and SI:7 Agent will help you - these are great tools to turn the game situation around. This means that even if you are behind at the beginning of the game, these cards will help you regain the advantage.

Once you have established yourself on the table, move on to aggressive action. In this area, Gribomancer, Bandyuga, Mad Chemist and other cards will prove themselves to increase the advantage.

It is not easy to feel the moment when it is time to attack. Odd Rogue often starts aggro when it turns out to be profitable to implement Mushroommancer or if there is a lot of burst damage in his hand and there is a chance to kill the opponent in a short time. Another option is to close your main threats with taunts and attack the enemy hero with them.

Against Slow decks

In slow fights, everything is completely different, there are other important tasks.

First, the correct distribution of removals. Bloodthirsty Evilleaf, Void Ripper - Finding the right targets is important for these creatures. The main problem for you is provocateurs, although you can get rid of another threat that can be exchanged with your creatures.

Don't forget that Void Ripper can be used not only as a removal, but also as a buff to your creatures (Firefire, Dire Mole, Pitch Guardian).

Another important task is to beat AoE removals. Any control deck has them, it's important to be aware of them and remember them. Don't substitute too many creatures if you're expecting a massive clear. For example, you shouldn't do this before Turn 4 of the Even Warlock: he will almost certainly leave Hellfire in his hand at the start.

You can act more boldly when some kind of removal has already been given away. The probability of finding others is already a little less, so the more AoE was played, the bolder you can play.

AoE can be played in many ways: protect creatures with buffs if you expect a damaging spell, or threaten with a divine shield. If you're afraid of Brawl or Psychic Scream, it's best to just hold the creatures in your hand without fully exposing.

Mad Chemist now replaces Cold Blood. You will no longer be able to implement Leeroy Jenkins for 14 attacks, but for 10 it is quite possible. The combo Leeroy Jenkins + Mad Chemist is a great finisher, but also good for trading. If you buff a minor threat and kill an enemy minion with it, you can grab the advantage as you still have a 4/4 minion left.

Helpful Tips:
  • Sometimes you can play creatures with a combo or warcry at tempo, even if they don't get implemented. Do this only when it is impossible to lag behind.
  • Play from top decks: Rogue has a lot of cards that either deal direct damage (Lethal Poison, Leeroy Jenkins, etc.) or help other creatures deal it (Mushroom Mancer, Crazed Chemist, etc.). Thanks to them, you can plan lethal damage for several turns ahead, even if the cards you need are not in your hand yet, but there is a high probability of getting them soon.
  • Think about positioning even if you don't have Gribomancer in your hand: you can always get it from topdeck. Try to put next to the most convenient creatures for the buff. These can be threats with a divine shield, high health, in some cases - provocateurs.
  • Try to sell the Coin on the fourth turn if there are two good fifth drops in the hand. You can place a Bandyuga or an Insidious Chick through the Coin on the second move if you are sure that the enemy will not be able to respond in any way.
  • Think about how to properly use your Hero Power. In fast fights, this is a tool for exchanges, and in slow fights, you can attack the opponent’s hero with a weapon.
  • Before the New World Element, unload your hand as much as possible to get the maximum resources.
  • Best Rogue matchups: Midrange Hunter, Odd Aggro Mage, Malygos Rogue, Mecha-C'Thun Druid. Unfavorable: Odd Warrior, Odd Paladin. With Priests and Warlocks, the Rogue plays on equal terms, a lot depends on the player's skill and tech cards.
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