What to do for ppd

SAMHSA’s National Helpline | SAMHSA

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SAMHSA’s National Helpline is a free, confidential, 24/7, 365-day-a-year treatment referral and information service (in English and Spanish) for individuals and families facing mental and/or substance use disorders.
Also visit the online treatment locator.

SAMHSA’s National Helpline, 1-800-662-HELP (4357) (also known as the Treatment Referral Routing Service), or TTY: 1-800-487-4889 is a confidential, free, 24-hour-a-day, 365-day-a-year, information service, in English and Spanish, for individuals and family members facing mental and/or substance use disorders. This service provides referrals to local treatment facilities, support groups, and community-based organizations.

Also visit the online treatment locator, or send your zip code via text message: 435748 (HELP4U) to find help near you. Read more about the HELP4U text messaging service.

The service is open 24/7, 365 days a year.

English and Spanish are available if you select the option to speak with a national representative. Currently, the 435748 (HELP4U) text messaging service is only available in English.

In 2020, the Helpline received 833,598 calls. This is a 27 percent increase from 2019, when the Helpline received a total of 656,953 calls for the year.

The referral service is free of charge. If you have no insurance or are underinsured, we will refer you to your state office, which is responsible for state-funded treatment programs. In addition, we can often refer you to facilities that charge on a sliding fee scale or accept Medicare or Medicaid. If you have health insurance, you are encouraged to contact your insurer for a list of participating health care providers and facilities.

The service is confidential. We will not ask you for any personal information. We may ask for your zip code or other pertinent geographic information in order to track calls being routed to other offices or to accurately identify the local resources appropriate to your needs.

No, we do not provide counseling. Trained information specialists answer calls, transfer callers to state services or other appropriate intake centers in their states, and connect them with local assistance and support.

Suggested Resources
What Is Substance Abuse Treatment? A Booklet for Families
Created for family members of people with alcohol abuse or drug abuse problems. Answers questions about substance abuse, its symptoms, different types of treatment, and recovery. Addresses concerns of children of parents with substance use/abuse problems.
It's Not Your Fault (NACoA) (PDF | 12 KB)
Assures teens with parents who abuse alcohol or drugs that, "It's not your fault!" and that they are not alone. Encourages teens to seek emotional support from other adults, school counselors, and youth support groups such as Alateen, and provides a resource list.

After an Attempt: A Guide for Taking Care of Your Family Member After Treatment in the Emergency Department
Aids family members in coping with the aftermath of a relative's suicide attempt. Describes the emergency department treatment process, lists questions to ask about follow-up treatment, and describes how to reduce risk and ensure safety at home.
Family Therapy Can Help: For People in Recovery From Mental Illness or Addiction
Explores the role of family therapy in recovery from mental illness or substance abuse. Explains how family therapy sessions are run and who conducts them, describes a typical session, and provides information on its effectiveness in recovery.
For additional resources, please visit the SAMHSA Store.

Last Updated: 08/30/2022

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8 ways to learn traffic rules easily and quickly

January 26, 2020 Likbez Education

Do not cram! Everything is much easier.

The human brain is a very practical thing. He remembers only what, for some reason, seems important to him, and discards the unimportant. The brain considers abstract figures, obscure phrases to be informational garbage, which, if not disposed of, then put into the farthest memory closet. Therefore, attempts to memorize traffic rules from a book sheet are likely to be futile.

To make numbers and clerical language interesting and memorable, they need to be made less abstract, more alive.

1. Add a little personal

Rough example: if you once get fined for crossing the road in the wrong place, you will remember for a long time when it is possible to cross the carriageway and when it is not worth it.

However, it is not necessary to get fined. Just try to try on the points set out in the traffic rules for yourself.

For example, if you are currently riding a tram and not a car, find an advantage in this: on the other hand, the tram is always right. This is an accessible, personal presentation of one of the basic principles of traffic rules: with an equal right to travel, a tram has an advantage over other vehicles, regardless of the direction of travel.

By matching theory with personal experience, you will be able to easily click on tram problems in the exam.

2. Laugh

Laughter reduces the level of cortisol, a stress hormone that depresses the functions of the hippocampus. And this area of the brain is responsible for translating information into lasting memories. In addition, when we laugh, the level of memory-enhancing endorphin increases in the body.

The cumulative effect looks like this: if you laugh, then you will remember the information that caused the laughter better than any other. Tales, anecdotes, caricatures about traffic are a great way to fix traffic rules in memory.

A new highway marking has been introduced in Russia - three solid lines. They mean the same as two or one, but something must be done!

Anecdote

3. Watch the video

The brain remembers information faster in dynamics. Therefore, to study traffic rules, you can recommend video courses, of which there are many on YouTube. The main tasks of the theoretical exam are dealt with right in the process of moving a virtual car along virtual streets.

4.

Draw or look at pictures

We remember information in the form of pictures and posters better than alphanumeric information. Conclusion: if you can draw some traffic rules, draw. Well, or find this item already shown in the picture (yes, at least the information poster of the traffic police!): In this form, it will be reliably deposited in memory.

5. Learn rhymes and make abbreviations

How easy it is to remember information encrypted in the form of abbreviations or short poetic forms, everyone knows from childhood. Remember "Every hunter wants to know..."? This is called associative memorization and is used in mnemonics. It is applicable in the study of traffic rules.

A simple example. At the theoretical exam, applicants often pour in questions about the interpretation of the signals of the traffic controller. Let's say the traffic controller is standing sideways to you, pointing with his staff to your left. Can I go straight or should I turn in the direction indicated by the wand? What about a right turn in such a situation? Indeed, this can be confusing. And you can remember a little rhyme:

If the stick is facing your mouth, make a right turn.

If the stick points to the right, you have no right to drive.

If the stick points to the left, you are the queen on the road.

You can't ride on your chest and back - it's a wall!

"Queen" means that you can go in any direction.

Abbreviations are also a popular way to remember things. For example, when passing a driving test, it is important to remember the USSR rule: C - light, C - clutch, C - speed, P - handbrake. This means that before moving off, the driver must: turn on the dipped beam, squeeze the clutch, turn on the first gear (speed), remove the car from the handbrake. Violation of this sequence is fraught with a failed exam.

And, of course, one of the key rules should not be forgotten: the rule of three D or DDD. It is deciphered as follows: give way to the fool. That is, if one of the road users violates the rules, others will have to do everything possible to prevent an accident. By the way, the rule of three D describes another way to successfully pass the theoretical exam.

6. Turn on the logic

In many driving schools there are stories about applicants who successfully passed the theory in the traffic police, having spent a minimum of time studying the rules. And helped them in this ... banal logic: applicants chose those options that exclude the possibility of an accident.

Indeed, in order not to overload the brain with complex formulations, it is enough to learn the main thing: all traffic rules are intended for safe movement - both by you and other participants. Therefore, when answering a particular question about crossings and driving on highways, first of all think about how it will be safer for you and those around you. And you can't go wrong.

To illustrate, let's take a specific example with the sign "Going straight". By understanding how this sign works and what maneuvers can be unsafe, you can easily solve any problems related to it.

Here is a video where logical conclusions are presented as simply and accessible as possible.

Of course, in order to work with logic, you still need to create some knowledge base. At least learn what the road signs mean, as well as remember the key points. In addition to the mentioned DDD, these include the rules:

Interference on the right. If there are no priority signs at the intersection, you need to give way to all cars that are approaching from the right.
The one below is right. A car descending a hill must give way to a car climbing it.
The one behind is to blame. Drivers following each other must always keep their distance.

But it's not as hard as cramming the whole rules.

7. Spy on drivers

One of the easiest ways to learn traffic rules is to observe how the driver carrying you behaves on the road. For example, in public transport it is better to choose the front seats so that you can see the road and the actions of the driver.

Every time you pass an intersection, change lanes, brake, park to a stop, it is important to analyze how the driver behaves and compare this information with known traffic rules.

If you don't understand a maneuver, memorize it and later in the driving lesson, simulate it in front of the instructor to get a clear explanation. It will be deposited in memory much stronger than dry information from a book about traffic rules.

8. Use mobile applications and web services

You can improve your knowledge of traffic rules and practice passing the theoretical exam in the traffic police in a variety of mobile applications.

Download

Price: Free

Application not found

Download

Price: Free

They have several advantages over paper traffic rules. Mobile application:

Always in your pocket. You can train anywhere: even in a minibus on the way to work, even in line, even during breakfast or lunch break.
Made in a playful way. So, you will not get bored in the process of cramming.
Often contains explanations. If you answer incorrectly, the application will tell you what your mistake was.
Helps you find the topics you are passionate about and work on them further.

You can also practice using extensions and web services. For example, on Autorambler or on specific resources.

Unlike the traffic police test, you will have an unlimited number of attempts. Bring the solution of problems on traffic rules to automatism - and the driver's license is almost in your pocket!

About reducing losses in the PPD system

Problem history

The most common reservoir pressure maintenance (RPM) method in world practice is a method based on pumping water into the reservoir through injection wells. It is believed that the best medium for injection into oil reservoirs is underground saline water, which is able not only to maintain the pressure energy of the reservoir, but also to increase oil recovery by 5–10% more efficiently than fresh water. Along with the positive effect, mineralized water also has harmful properties, such as a corrosive effect on the pipeline network and oilfield equipment that has direct contact with such water. And if protective technologies are not applied to the pipeline network and equipment, then in a short time the infrastructure of the RPM system will begin to show its "diseases". This problem does not bypass water metering devices, which can also very quickly lose their constructive and functional qualities under the influence of formation mineralized waters, if harmful operating conditions are not taken care of during their development and production.

Today it is safe to say that the problem of water accounting in the RPM system has a solution. And if in the recent past the task was to accurately determine the amount of water consumed in the RPM system, today water metering devices have the functionality not only to measure the amount of injected fluid, but also to solve problems of identifying incidents related to pipeline ruptures, malfunctions of shutoff valves, possible violations of the design of injection wells and other energy losses.

Today, it can be confidently stated that the problem of water accounting in the RPM system has a solution. And if in the recent past the task was to accurately determine the amount of water consumed in the RPM system, today water metering devices have the functionality not only to measure the amount of injected fluid, but also to solve problems of identifying incidents related to pipeline ruptures, malfunctions of shutoff valves, possible violations of the design of injection wells and other energy losses.

Automated remote monitoring and control system (ASDKU) and flow meters "NOTA-V", developed by STC "A2I" LLC, will help to identify the "diseases" of your RPM system

Solution of problem

Until recently, it was practically impossible to solve the problem of recording events of unauthorized changes in operating modes due to the presence of losses. The RPM system used, and many companies still use today, flow meters that can measure water flow in only one direction, and the amount of water that flows in the opposite direction remains unaccounted for. For this reason, almost all process control systems are designed in such a way that telemetry data is taken from flow meters only during the period of water injection into the reservoir under development. After stopping the pumping units, in most cases, the flows do not stop, but they are redistributed. And part of the flows that take the opposite direction with possible outflows remain unaccounted for. In order to eliminate the imbalance of water flows and to avoid "information noise" coming from metering devices at the moments of transients, when measurements are made beyond the limit of the normalized error, in the APCS systems, after stopping the pumping units at the sewage pumping station, a telemetric data reading prohibition signal is generated, and from that moment water flows in the RPM system are not controlled. Periodic measurements with the help of clamp-on flowmeters at different points in time, carried out by technological personnel, do not allow a reliable systematic assessment of the state of branched flows in the "reservoir-well-pipeline-collector_BG-pipeline-well-reservoir" system. In such a complex distributed system, this can only be done by synchronously measuring water flows for each direction of flow.

The appearance in the 2000s of reversible flow meters capable of measuring flow in forward and reverse directions did not fundamentally change anything, because these devices had low reliability and weak metrological resistance to the mineral environment. For example, "VZLET-PPD" electromagnetic flowmeters at individual fields lost their metrological characteristics literally after two or three weeks of operation. Therefore, according to the established practice of past years, due to hopelessness and distrust in measuring instruments, many oil companies continue to turn a blind eye to unresolved problems and chronic "diseases" in the reservoir pressure maintenance system.

Scientific and technological progress does not stand still, and today flowmeters have appeared on the market that can solve the problem of accounting, regardless of flow directions in a complex engineering system "reservoir-well-pipeline-collector_BG-pipeline-well-reservoir". This allows you to determine the efficiency of water injection and identify the resulting losses. Since 2010 specialists from the Novosibirsk Center for the Development of Measuring Instruments LLC NTC "A2I" have created three generations of ultrasonic reversible flowmeters. These include flowmeters "RAPIRA-PV", "REZONANS" and the latest solution, taking into account all the advantages and disadvantages of previous developments, as well as the development of methods for digital processing of measurements, was embodied in the flowmeter "NOTA-V". All of the listed flowmeters are outwardly similar to each other, but each of them has its own know-how, which characterizes the development of the modern measuring industry.

The essence of solving the problem

The results of laboratory and oilfield studies of water injection processes in the reservoir pressure maintenance system allow us to state that in almost all "reservoir-well-pipeline-collector_BG-pipeline-well-reservoir" systems, after the injection is stopped, reverse flows occur through individual water conduits. And this is a normal physical phenomenon, corresponding to the nature of oil reservoirs, which have different capacitive and filtration properties in the bottomhole zones of injection wells, which contribute to the creation of different pressures in a single oil reservoir. On the one hand, if the oil reservoir, after the injection stops, begins to pour water in the opposite direction, then the reservoir is healthy and hydraulically elastic. But on the other hand, if for a long time the volume of flows from one group of wells to others does not decrease and goes to a constant level, then the reservoir being developed is constantly losing reservoir energy at the points of the bottomhole zones of injection wells pouring out water. This is a direct sign of the openness of the "reservoir-well-pipeline-collector_BG-pipeline-well-reservoir" system, which indicates the presence of losses. With the correct development of oil reservoirs, there should not be long-term constant overflows (more than 1-2 days). A closed system must come into relative equilibrium. The pressure difference in the absence of injection from the WPS in the bottomhole zones of the injection wells of the developed reservoir should correspond to the internal hydrodynamic state of the reservoir, in which there should be no pumping of a significant amount of fluid from one point of the reservoir to another through the surface pipeline network due to the internal energy of the reservoir. And if such overflows do not occur, this is a sign of a "healthy" RPM system.

Flow meters "NOTA-V"

LLC NTC "A2I"
belong to the category of "smart" devices that have additional functions for solving complex engineering problems of smart fields

Who is the author of the idea

The idea of diagnosing the "disease" of the reservoir pressure maintenance system belongs to the specialists of our industrial partner NGDU "Leninogorskneft" PJSC "Tatneft", who competently set before us the task of determining losses and increasing the energy efficiency of the reservoir pressure maintenance system. The synergy of interaction between the engineering staff of NGDU "Leninogorskneft" and the specialists of the engineering center of our enterprise made it possible to create unique algorithms for determining events that are identified as incidents that require intervention in the process of injection of operational personnel or repair teams.

Laboratory of the Department of Automation and Information Technologies, Agni

Conducting hydraulic research to develop control and management algorithms

Partnership with NOC

To create effective conditions for research work on the study of water injection processes in the reservoir pressure maintenance system, with the assistance and material assistance of OGPD "Leningorskneft" PJSC "Tatneft", the specialists of our company developed and implemented at the Department of Automation and Information Technologies of the Almetyevsk State Oil Institute (AGNI ) hydraulic stand for testing algorithms for monitoring and managing injection processes and determining the losses that occur during this.

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